Ways Of Expressing Causation Of Vertical Movement In Russian, Uzbek, And English: A Typology Of Morphological And Lexical Means
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62480/tjpch.2026.vol55.pp35-39Keywords:
causativity, vertical movement, typology, morphological meansAbstract
This article is devoted to a comparative typological analysis of ways of expressing causation of vertical movement in Russian, Uzbek, and English. The study examines the morphological and lexical means of causativity, as well as their role in expressing direct and indirect causation. In English, morphological causativisation is extremely limited; the main means are lexical causatives (conversion, labile verbs) and syntactic constructions (make, have, get, let, cause). All three languages use lexical causatives for direct (contact) causation, which corresponds to a universal principle: routine situations with an inanimate patient tend towards lexicalisation. The choice of causative means is closely connected with the general grammatical structure of each language: the flexional type (Russian) tends toward lexical and syntactic means, the agglutinative type (Uzbek) toward morphological, and the analytic type (English) toward syntactic. The work also highlights the pragmatic aspect of causative constructions, analysing factors such as social hierarchy, politeness, and degree of coercion
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