Texas Journal of Philology, Culture and History
Texas Journal of Philology, Culture and History provides the opportunity to the authors to publish their original research articles in multidisciplinary field of Philology, Culture and History. Frequency of Publication: Monthly Acceptance Notification: 45 Days ISSN (Online): 2770-8608 doi Prefix: 10.62480
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Translating Uzbek Criminal Argot And Prison Jargon Into Russian Through Corpus Analysis
The paper analyses how criminal argot and prison jargon in Tahir Malik's novel Shaytanat move from Uzbek into Russian. Working from a sentence aligned Uzbek to Russian parallel corpus of the novel and its 2016 Russian version, the author sorts translation solutions into functional analog, restoration of borrowed fenya, low colloquial compensation, calque, transcription, and neutralization. The source speech proves heavily russified, carrying criminal slang such as otvechayt, shikalad, and братишка, so translation often restores a Russian original rather than replacing it. Neutralization, a minority solution, produces the register loss that corpus based translation research links to normalization.
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Activity Level Of Borrowed Neologisms, Competition With National Equivalents And Normalization
This article examines the activity level, competition with national equivalents and normalization of borrowed neologisms in German and Uzbek. It analyzes how such units move from limited professional, media or social network use toward general vocabulary or remain restricted to a specific sphere. The study focuses on frequency, discourse distribution, semantic clarity, spelling variation, lexicographic registration and the role of the addressee. Particular attention is paid to German Anglicisms and Uzbek borrowed units such as startap, onlayn, keshbek, marketpleys, komplayens and tyutor. The results show that borrowed neologisms should be evaluated not by origin alone, but by communicative need, intelligibility and compliance with national language
Ways Of Expressing Causation Of Vertical Movement In Russian, Uzbek, And English: A Typology Of Morphological And Lexical Means
This article is devoted to a comparative typological analysis of ways of expressing causation of vertical movement in Russian, Uzbek, and English. The study examines the morphological and lexical means of causativity, as well as their role in expressing direct and indirect causation. In English, morphological causativisation is extremely limited; the main means are lexical causatives (conversion, labile verbs) and syntactic constructions (make, have, get, let, cause). All three languages use lexical causatives for direct (contact) causation, which corresponds to a universal principle: routine situations with an inanimate patient tend towards lexicalisation. The choice of causative means is closely connected with the general grammatical structure of each language: the flexional type (Russian) tends toward lexical and syntactic means, the agglutinative type (Uzbek) toward morphological, and the analytic type (English) toward syntactic. The work also highlights the pragmatic aspect of causative constructions, analysing factors such as social hierarchy, politeness, and degree of coercion
Poetic Interpretation Of The Image Of The Lyric Hero In Poetic Texts
This article examines the artistic and speech-related characteristics of the lyrical hero in poetic texts. It explores the theoretical essence of the lyrical hero, its relationship with the author’s personality, and its role as a form of artistic generalization. The study also analyzes the predominance of monologic speech in poetic works and its potential to convey the lyrical hero’s inner experiences, psychological state, and emotional world
Irrigational Projects Of Tsarist Russia In The Fergana Valley (Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries): A ScientificArcheographical Review
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Fergana Valley underwent a profound geopolitical and economic transformation under the colonial administration of Tsarist Russia, becoming a crucial raw material base for the empire's textile industry. This study explores how the integration of the region into global capitalist networks reshaped traditional agrarian frameworks.
Poetic Account Of The Andijan Earthquake In The Uzbek Literature Of The National Awakening Period (Based on the Poetry of Nuriy, Rojiy, Karimbek Kamiy, and Ibrat)
This article explores how the details of the earthquake that struck the Andijan region in the early 20th century were reflected in the poetry of Fergana Valley and Tashkent poets during the National Awakening period. It analyzes the lyrical works of Nuri, Khujakhon Khoja Roji Margilani, Karimbek Kami, and Iskhokkhon Ibrat, highlighting their shared ideological perspective on the causes and consequences of the disaster. The study examines how these poets depicted the psychological and physical suffering of the Andijan people, employing traditional poetic techniques to express deep sympathy for the victims. Additionally, it compares their mastery of traditional imagery, use of symbolic language, and the integration of realism in their poetic style, providing a comprehensive analysis of their artistic approach
Nuri's misinterpretation in his poem named “History”
The Koba Caravanserai And Its Restoration History (Shahrisabz)
One of the important monuments of the city of Shakhrisabz - the Koba caravanserai is located in the old town part of the city, which chronologically dates back to the 16th century. The historic building was subjected to a research process in 1987 due to cracks in the walls of the building's interior and defects in the roof. The article examines the history of architecture and the processes of restoration of the building
The Demonstration of The Poet's Personality In Munis's "Munis Ul-Ushshoq"
This article examines the manifestation of Shermuhammad Munis Khorezmi's personality in his divan "Munis ul-Ushshaq". Based on the preface of the sofa and its autobiographical ghazals, the poet's life experiences, inner world, social views, and attitude towards the realities of his time are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the formation of such motifs as sorrow, separation, loneliness, dissatisfaction, and the pursuit of justice
Strategies For Transmitting Irony In Uzbek-English Literary Translation: A Case Study Of "O‘Tkan Kunlar"
This article explores the language and practical processes of translating irony between two different language systems: Uzbek and English. It focuses on Abdulla Qodiriy’s famous historical novel O‘tkan Kunlar (Days Gone By) to show how verbal and structural irony are recreated for Western readers. The study uses Relevance Theory and Skopos Theory to evaluate how translators move away from wordfor-word translation to rebuild hidden meanings based on context. The article highlights the role of translation strategies like modulation and explicitation in preserving the original artistic voice
Archaeological Research Of The Ruins Of The Earth Mould In The Karshi Oasis And The History Of Ancient Nakhshab
This article provides an in-depth study of the ruins of the city of Yerkurgan in the Karshi oasis and the history of ancient Naxhab based on archaeological research. As a result of research that began in Kashkadarya after World War II, the first layers of the city were discovered. Excavations carried out by S. Kabanov in 1946–1948, M. Masson in 1963–1966, and later by R. Sulaymonov and other scientists showed that Yerkurgan was a major cultural and political center from the 7th century BC to the 3rd century AD. During the archaeological research, defensive walls, the governor's palace, a temple, potters' and blacksmiths' quarters, dahmas, and various residential buildings were discovered. The ceramic finds from the excavations were studied in different stages, and their typological characteristics were found to be inextricably linked with the cultural traditions of the Sogdian and Achaemenid periods. It is also noted that the ancient names of the city - Nautaka, Nashebo, Bolo, Naxhab - are recorded in Aramaic and Greek sources. An ancient document found in Afghanistan confirms these ideas. The new period of rise of Naxhab, which began in the 3rd century, the construction of the governor's palace and temple, the development of pottery centers are highlighted as an important stage in the history of Central Asia. The article is important in reassessing the early civilizational development and cultural heritage of the region
The Formation of Synergetic Thinking within the Contemporary Democratic Educational Paradigm: A Philosophical Analysis
This article examines the formation of synergetic thinking within a democratic educational paradigm. Drawing on synergetic methodology, it reinterprets shifts in students' cognitive patterns — particularly logical, reflective, and projective thinking. The study situates Eastern democratic characteristics within the national educational context and contrasts them with Western democratic models. The argument is made that synergetic methodology offers the most analytically precise framework for accounting for nonlinearity and self-organization in educational settings — processes that standard pedagogical models tend to flatten into linear cause-and-effect sequences.
Some Lexical Characteristics Of The Work "Uguznoma"
The article studies manuscripts of the work "Oguznoma", classifies the general Turkic and ancient Turkic words used in it by thematic groups, analyzes some words with borrowed meanings, reveals their lexical and artistic features, and determines the place of the work in the development of the Uzbek literary language.
Authorial Personality And Character Psychology In Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World
This study examines the relationship between authorial personality and character psychology in Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World. The research explores how the author's personal experiences, worldview, interests, and psychological characteristics are reflected in the novel's characters and narrative structure. Particular attention is paid to the representation of Professor Challenger, Lord John Roxton, and Malone, whose personalities reveal various aspects of Doyle's own character, including his adventurous spirit, scientific curiosity, optimism, and fascination with exploration. The study employs descriptive, comparative, and psychological analysis to investigate the connections between the author's biography and the psychological construction of literary characters. It also analyzes selected passages from both the original text and its Uzbek translation by Mahmud Yahyoyev in order to examine the preservation of psychological meanings, emotional intensity, and stylistic features across languages. The findings demonstrate that Doyle's literary characters function not only as fictional figures but also as artistic reflections of the author's personality, experiences, and ideological perspectives. The research further reveals that psychological parallelism, portrait descriptions, and symbolic imagery play an important role in the characterization process. The Uzbek translation successfully reconstructs these psychological and stylistic elements through various translation strategies, allowing target readers to experience the emotional and psychological depth of the original work. The study concludes that The Lost World serves as a valuable example of the interaction between authorial consciousness, character formation, and literary representation
The Study Of The Material And Spiritual Culture Of The Early Saka Tribes Of The Aral Sea Region In World Historiography: A Theoretical And Methodological Analysis
This article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of the study of the material and spiritual culture of the early Saka tribes of the Aral Sea region-an integral and strategic component of the Eurasian steppe civilization-in world historiography. The research examines the decline of certain longstanding scientific paradigms regarding nomadic tribes, alongside the specific socio-economic adaptation, economic types, and social structure of Saka society. Based on the archaeological data from key regional sites such as Uygarak, Southern and Northern Tagisken, and Sakarchaga, the paper comparatively analyzes diverse scientific hypotheses concerning the genesis of the Sakas, their unique burial practices, and the origins of their visual arts. Furthermore, focusing on the Kuysay culture of the Sarykamysh region, it elucidates theoretical approaches regarding localized Saka groups and their cultural-technological interactions with southern sedentary agricultural oases
The Artistic And Philosophical Interpretation Of The Dichotomy Between Material And Spiritual Values In American And Uzbek Literature
This article explores the dichotomy of “material” and “spiritual” values in American and Uzbek literature. The study focuses on the artistic interpretation of wealth, social status, fame, moral responsibility, dignity, conscience, and spiritual emptiness in selected literary works. In American literature, the issue is analyzed mainly through F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Babylon Revisited, where material prosperity is closely connected with the crisis of the American Dream, moral carelessness, and personal alienation. In Uzbek literature, the same problem is examined through Abdulla Qodiriy’s O‘tkan kunlar, Oybek’s Qutlug‘ qon, Erkin A’zam’s Momoqaldiroq ostida sayr, and Ulugbek Hamdam’s Muvozanat. The article argues that although American and Uzbek literatures belong to different cultural and historical contexts, both traditions reveal that material success loses its value when it is separated from spiritual maturity, ethical responsibility, and human dignity
Historical Development Of The Activities Of Educational And Cultural Institutions Of Kason District During The Years Of Independence
This article systematically analyzes the historical development stages of educational and cultural institutions in the Koson district of the Kashkadarya region during the years of independence. The problems of spiritual and educational crisis and outdated material and technical base inherited from the Soviet period, and the measures taken to eliminate them in the early years of independence are highlighted on the basis of archival documents and statistical indicators. Also, the modernization processes of general secondary schools, preschool education organizations, and cultural centers in the district in recent years are described in the form of textual analysis over the years
Meaning And Function In The English Word: Polysemy And Polyfunctionality
The following article examines the word as a fundamental unit of language, focusing on the semantic phenomenon of polysemy and its role in shaping meaning and communication. It provides a systematic analysis of polysemy in contrast to homonymy and explores how semantic variation enables lexical economy and contextual flexibility in English. Particular attention is given to the concept of polyfunctionality, which is treated as a grammatical phenomenon dependent on semantic multiplicity and realized through processes such as conversion and adjectivization. Drawing on established linguistic theories and illustrative examples, the article argues that polyfunctionality is possible only on the basis of polysemy, highlighting the interdependence of meaning and grammatical function in the structure of the English lexicon.
Social Changes In Uzbekistan Agriculture In The First Half Of The 20th Century (The Example Of Kashkadarya)
This article studies the social and economic transformations carried out by the central government in rural areas of Kashkadarya region. In the course of the research, the impact of the policy of kulakization and collectivization on the lives of the rural population, as well as the contradictions that arose between social strata, are scientifically analyzed. The article also highlights the relations that have arisen in the social consciousness of the population as a result of the reduction of individual peasant farms, large land ownership and the distribution of private land resources. The results of the research are aimed at analyzing from a deep scientific perspective how rural life is changing socio-economically and the complex impact of these processes on local lifestyles
Prospects Of Ethno And Gastronomic Tourism In The Kashkadarya Region
The article explores the prospects for the development of ethno- and gastronomic tourism in the Kashkadarya region. The study highlights the role of the region’s rich cultural traditions, folklore, handicrafts, and unique national cuisine in shaping its tourism potential. The paper emphasizes the importance of promoting ethno- and gastronomic tourism as a driver for economic growth, enhancing competitiveness in the international tourism market, and increasing employment opportunities for the local population
Customs And Everyday Life Of The Peoples Of Turkestan In The Late 19th Century
This topic explores the customs and everyday life of the peoples of Turkestan in the late 19th century. It examines social structure, family traditions, religious influence, economic activities, and cultural practices of different ethnic groups living in the region. Special attention is given to traditional occupations, housing, clothing, and rituals connected with important life events such as birth, marriage, and death. The study highlights how Islamic values and local traditions shaped the daily life and cultural identity of Turkestan’s population during this historical period.
The Problem Of Regional Disparity In Uzbekistan Football: Analysis Of Clubs, Stadiums, And Sports Schools By Regions
This article examines the problem of regional disparity in Uzbekistan football through an analysis of football clubs, stadiums, and sports schools across different regions of the country. The study explores inequalities in infrastructure, financial support, coaching quality, and youth development opportunities between urban and rural areas. Special attention is given to the impact of these disparities on player development and football competitiveness. The article also highlights existing reforms and proposes recommendations aimed at ensuring balanced and sustainable football development throughout Uzbekistan.
System Of Youth And Children’s Football In Uzbekistan: Historical Experience, Current Problems And Development Prospects
This article examines the system of youth and children’s football in Uzbekistan, focusing on its historical development, current challenges, and future prospects. The study analyzes the role of sports schools, football academies, infrastructure, and state support in improving young players’ training. Particular attention is given to regional disparities, shortage of qualified coaches, and organizational issues within the football system. The article also highlights international experience and proposes practical recommendations for strengthening youth football and increasing Uzbekistan’s competitiveness in world football
Lexical And Semantic Means Of Expressing Moral Support In English And Russian Languages
This article examines the lexical and semantic means of expressing moral support in the English and Russian languages. The study analyzes linguistic units, communicative expressions, and stylistic devices used to convey emotional encouragement, empathy, consolation, and psychological assistance in interpersonal communication. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of culturally specific and universal features of moral support in both languages. The research also explores the pragmatic and sociolinguistic aspects of supportive speech acts and their role in effective communication
THE EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN LINGUISTIC THOUGHT IN THE 20th CENTURY
This article explores the evolution of American linguistic thought throughout the 20th century, focusing on the major theoretical paradigms and methodological shifts that shaped the discipline. It examines the transition from early structuralism, represented by scholars such as Leonard Bloomfield, to the emergence of transformational-generative grammar introduced by Noam Chomsky in the mid-20th century. The study highlights how American linguistics moved from a behaviorist and empiricist framework toward a more cognitive and mentalistic approach, emphasizing the innate aspects of language acquisition. Furthermore, it considers the influence of interdisciplinary developments, including psychology, anthropology, and philosophy, on linguistic theory. Special attention is given to the role of descriptive linguistics in documenting indigenous languages and its impact on linguistic diversity studies. The article also analyzes how sociolinguistics and pragmatics emerged as important subfields toward the latter half of the century, reflecting broader social and cultural concerns. Overall, the research demonstrates that American linguistic thought underwent a profound transformation, laying the foundation for modern linguistic science and continuing to influence contemporary research in language theory and application
Dialectal Features Of The Speech Of Kazakhs In Uzbekistan And Their Socio-Linguistic Factors
This scientific article highlights the role of language as a complex system that expresses national identity, social consciousness, and cultural values. It also examines the significance of dialectology in studying the territorial variability of language, the dialectal system of the Kazakh language, and its historical and areal development features. The phonetic, lexical, and morphological characteristics of Kazakh dialects spoken in Uzbekistan, particularly the Tashkent Kazakh dialect, are analyzed from the perspective of contact linguistics. The article also scientifically discusses linguistic relations between the Uzbek and Kazakh languages, as well as processes of interference and convergence. The results of the research demonstrate that studying territorial linguistic variation, preserving dialects, and deepening the understanding of Turkic interlingual relations is of great importance
Myth As A Mechanism Of Othering And The Demonization Of Amir Timur In Early Modern English Literary Discourse
This article examines myth as a discursive mechanism that constructs “otherness” and contributes to the demonization of Amir Timur in Early Modern English literary discourse. Focusing primarily on Tamburlaine the Great by Christopher Marlowe, the study explores how mythological and symbolic elements reshape historical reality into a narrative of fear, excess, and cultural opposition. Drawing on postcolonial theory, particularly Orientalism by Edward Said, as well as discourse analysis, the research demonstrates how Timur is represented not as a complex historical figure but as an embodiment of the “Eastern Other.” The article argues that myth functions as an ideological tool that reinforces binary oppositions between East and West, civilization and barbarism. Ultimately, the study reveals how literary myth-making contributes to enduring cultural stereotypes and influences the reception of historical figures within Western literary tradition
Formation of Professional Speech Culture in Economics Students
The article examines the problem of forming professional speech culture in economics students, driven by modern requirements for specialists in the digital economy and globalization. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that an economist's successful professional activity is inextricably linked to effective communication and the ability to present analytical data persuasively. The paper defines the professional speech culture of an economist and identifies its key components: linguistic, communicative, and psychological. It analyzes the main challenges students face, such as inability to conduct business negotiations, fear of public speaking, and low business writing skills. Comprehensive methodological approaches to solving this problem are proposed and substantiated, including the integration of disciplines, the use of the case method, project activities, and specialized training. The author concludes that a systematic approach to developing speech competencies is an essential part of training highly qualified economists capable of working successfully in the modern business world
Transforming E-Learning Into A Personalized And Adaptive Environment With The Help Of Intellectual Learning Systems
The article analyzes the role of intelligent tutoring systems in transforming e-learning into a learner-centered and adaptive environment. The analysis showed that intelligent tutoring systems can transform e-learning from a simple content delivery system into an intelligent pedagogical environment operating on the basis of learner modeling, diagnosis, adaptive routing, rapid feedback, and individualized recommendations. At the same time, it was substantiated that the effectiveness of such systems depends not so much on the technology itself as on pedagogical design, data quality, the teacher’s role, ethical standards, and local content.
Alisher Navoi, recognized as one of the greatest poets, thinkers, and philosophers in the history of Central Asia, lived during the Timurid Renaissance, a period marked by cultural, intellectual, and artistic blossoming. His works, spanning poetry, prose, and treatises, manifest a profound engagement with metaphysical, ethical, and epistemological themes that place him among the seminal philosophers of the Islamic East. Navoi’s philosophical views, expressed through his literary masterpieces and treatises, reflect a synthesis of Islamic, Sufi, and Turkic traditions, infused with his remarkable originality, depth, and humanistic sensibility.
The Problem Of The Narrator In Short Stories (Example Of The Stories Of Togay Murad And Khurshid Dostmukhammad)
In this article, the problem of the narrator in the short story genre is analyzed theoretically and practically. The stories of Togay Murad and Khurshid Dostmukhammad reveal the artistic functions of the narrator, his relationship with the author and the reader, the degree of reliability, and psychological and aesthetic possibilities. As a result of the research, it is determined that the problem of the narrator in the works of both authors has been found in different artistic solutions