##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Pears are a delicious fruit with over 3000 varieties around the world. In value terms, pear production totaled $X in 2021 estimated in export price. China (X tons) constituted the largest volume of pear production, surpassing the figures recorded by the second-largest producer, the United States (X tons). The global average pear yield rose modestly to X tons per ha in 2021, picking up by 3% against 2020 figures. The most prominent rate of growth was recorded in 2016 with an increase of 6.4%. Over the period under review, the average pear yield reached the maximum level in 2021 and is likely to see steady growth in years to come. Aphids, codling moths, and pear psylla are all pests that can cause damage to pear trees. Aphids can be knocked off with water and insecticidal oils, while codling moths produce up to four generations per year and the larvae tend to cause the most damage. Pear psylla is a damaging pest that can cause rapid and total reduced tree vigor, eventually killing the tree..
Keywords
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Sutton, T. B., Aldwinckle, H. S., Agnello, A. M., & Walgenbach, J. F. (Eds.). (2014). Compendium of apple and pear diseases and pests (pp. 20-21). St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society.
- Husain, M., Rathore, J. P., Sharma, A., Raja, A., Qadri, I., & Wani, A. W. (2018). Description and management strategies of important pests of pear: A review. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud, 6, 677-683.
- Cross, J. V., Solomon, M. G., Chandler, D., Jarrett, P., Richardson, P. N., Winstanley, D., ... & Zimmermann, G. (1999). Biocontrol of pests of apples and pears in northern and central Europe: 1. Microbial agents and nematodes. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 9(2), 125-149.
- Mitcham, E. J., & Elkins, R. B. (2007). Pear production and handling manual (Vol. 3483). UCANR Publications.
- Weddle, P. W., Welter, S. C., & Thomson, D. (2009). History of IPM in California pears—50 years of pesticide use and the transition to biologically intensive IPM. Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science, 65(12), 1287-1292.
- Mazzeo, G., Nucifora, S., Russo, A., & Suma, P. (2019). Dactylopius opuntiae, a new prickly pear cactus pest in the Mediterranean: an overview. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 167(1), 59-72.