##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Abstract

Zoonoses infections are among the major public health issues confusing, as pandemics emergences intermittently causing significant global human and economic losses. The aim of this review is to summarize the most prominent waterborne bacterial pathogens of zoonotic origin, along with basic prevention methods. Excretions and waste products are most sources of waterborne zoonotic pathogens, as these substances are used as a means of transmission from the animal to the aquatic environment. Water is one of the ways of transmission of infection, especially through drinking water. Among these life-threatening bacterial pathogens is Bacillus anthracis , Campylobacter jejuni, which causes enteritis in humans and animals , Escherichia coli that causes hemorrhagic enteritis, Salmonella enterica that lead to enteritis, and Vibrio cholera which causes gastroenteritis and blood poisoning, may lead to death. For prevention, zoonotic pathogens must be controlled in animal reservoirs, along with proper disposal of animal waste as well as protecting surface water from animal waste and also sterilizing drinking water. In this review, we concluded the need to apply the qualitative approach to sterilization of drinking water according to international standards.

Keywords

Zoonoses infections drinking water bacterial pathogens

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
Ozdan Akram Ghareeb, & Qahtan Adnan Ali. (2023). Waterborne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens: Review. Texas Journal of Medical Science, 21, 63–69. https://doi.org/10.62480/tjms.2023.vol21.pp63-69

References

  1. Ghareeb OA, Sultan AI. Nipah-An Emerging Viral Zoonotic Disease: A Review. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021 Apr 7:456-465.
  2. Kzar AJ, Faiq TN, Ghareeb OA. Recent infection with black fungus associated with COVID-19: a review. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences.2021;15(5):1771-1773.
  3. Rahman MT, Sobur MA, Islam MS, Ievy S, Hossain MJ, El Zowalaty ME, Rahman AT, Ashour HM. Zoonotic diseases: etiology, impact, and control. Microorganisms. 2020 Sep 12;8(9):1405.
  4. Nabarro D, Wannous C. The potential contribution of livestock to food and nutrition security: the application of the One Health approach in livestock policy and practice. Rev. sci. tech. 2014 Aug 1;33(2):475-85.
  5. Ghareeb OA, Ramadhan SA. COVID 19-a novel zoonotic disease: Origin, prevention and control. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2021 Jan 1;15: 221-3.
  6. Faiq TN, Ghareeb OA, Ghaleb AA, Salahaldeen MS. Incidence of Hyposmia and Hypoguesia in COVID-19 Patients in Kirkuk. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science. 2021 Oct;9(10):204-8.
  7. Ghareeb OA, Sultan AI. (2023). Monkeypox Represents Re-Emerging Zoonotic Disease: Review. Scholar’s Digest- Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(2), 1–7.
  8. Ghareeb OA. Ebola-A fatal Emerging Zoonotic Disease: A Review. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021;25(6):8748-54.
  9. Jamal M, Bukhari SM, Andleeb S, Ali M, Raza S, Nawaz MA, Hussain T, Rahman SU, Shah SS. Bacteriophages: an overview of the control strategies against multiple bacterial infections in different fields. Journal of basic microbiology. 2019 Feb;59(2):123-33.
  10. Ligda P, Claerebout E, Kostopoulou D, Zdragas A, Casaert S, Robertson LJ, Sotiraki S. Cryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water and drinking water: Animal sources and towards the use of a machine-learning approach as a tool for predicting contamination. Environmental Pollution. 2020 Sep 1;264:114766.
  11. O'Brien E, Xagoraraki I. A water-focused one-health approach for early detection and prevention of viral outbreaks. One Health. 2019 Jun 1;7:100094.
  12. Shaheen MN. The concept of one health applied to the problem of zoonotic diseases. Reviews in Medical Virology. 2022 Jul;32(4):e2326.
  13. Newton RJ, McClary JS. The flux and impact of wastewater infrastructure microorganisms on human and ecosystem health. Current opinion in biotechnology. 2019 Jun 1;57:145-50.
  14. Rees EM, Minter A, Edmunds WJ, Lau CL, Kucharski AJ, Lowe R. Transmission modelling of environmentally persistent zoonotic diseases: a systematic review. The Lancet Planetary Health. 2021 Jul 1;5(7):e466-78.
  15. Dixon BR. Giardia duodenalis in humans and animals–transmission and disease. Research in veterinary science. 2021 Mar 1;135:283-9.
  16. Kandi V. Clinical significance of Bacillus species other than Bacillus anthracis. J Med Microb Diagn. 2016;5(2):e130.
  17. Hueffer K, Drown D, Romanovsky V, Hennessy T. Factors contributing to anthrax outbreaks in the circumpolar north. EcoHealth. 2020 Mar;17:174-80.
  18. Ashiq HT, Khan B, Anjum A, Sultan R, Zaib W, Ashiq M, Tariq S, Mehreen T, Raza MA, Khan JA, Khan IA. Bacillus anthracis: a bioterrorism agent. One Health Triad, Unique Scientific Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 2023;2:34-40.
  19. Lepheana RJ, Oguttu JW, Qekwana DN. Spatial Patterns of Anthrax Outbreaks and Cases among Livestock in Lesotho, 2005–2016. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Oct;17(20):7584.
  20. Mackenzie JS, Jeggo M, Daszak P, Richt JA, editors. One Health: the human-animal-environment interfaces in emerging infectious diseases. Berlin: Springer; 2013.
  21. Meurer L, Payne W, Guffey JS. Visible light as an inhibitor of Campylobacter jejuni. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2020 Jan 1;55(1):105818.
  22. Hagos Y, Gugsa G, Awol N, Ahmed M, Tsegaye Y, Abebe N, Bsrat A. Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from cattle, goat, and chicken meats in Mekelle, Ethiopia. PloS one. 2021 Feb 10;16(2):e0246755.
  23. Lopes GV, Ramires T, Kleinubing NR, Scheik LK, Fiorentini ÂM, da Silva WP. Virulence factors of foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Microbial pathogenesis. 2021 Dec 1;161:105265.
  24. Hada V, Chaturvedi K, Singhwane A, Siraj N, Gupta A, Sathish N, Chaurasia JP, Srivastava AK, Verma S. Nanoantibiotic effect of carbon-based nanocomposites: epicentric on graphene, carbon nanotubes and fullerene composites: a review. 3 Biotech. 2023 May;13(5):147.
  25. Gambushe SM, Zishiri OT, El Zowalaty ME. Review of Escherichia Coli O157: H7 prevalence, pathogenicity, heavy metal and antimicrobial resistance, African perspective. Infection and Drug Resistance. 2022 Jan 1:4645-73.
  26. Dejene H, Abunna F, Tuffa AC, Gebresenbet G. Epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of E. coli O157: H7 along dairy milk supply chain in Central Ethiopia. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports. 2022 Jun 9:131-42.
  27. Rani A, Ravindran VB, Surapaneni A, Mantri N, Ball AS. Trends in point-of-care diagnosis for Escherichia coli O157: H7 in food and water. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2021 Jul 2;349:109233.
  28. Esschert KL, Mattioli MC, Hilborn ED, Roberts VA, Alexander TY, Lamba K, Arzaga G, Zahn M, Marsh Z, Combes SM, Smith ES. Outbreaks associated with untreated recreational water—California, Maine, and Minnesota, 2018–2019. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020 Jun 6;69(25):781.
  29. Adesakin TA, Oyewale AT, Bayero U, Mohammed AN, Aduwo IA, Ahmed PZ, Abubakar ND, Barje IB. Assessment of bacteriological quality and physico-chemical parameters of domestic water sources in Samaru community, Zaria, Northwest Nigeria. Heliyon. 2020 Aug 1;6(8):e04773.
  30. Yin Y, Zhou D. Organoid and enteroid modeling of Salmonella infection. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2018 Apr 4;8:102.
  31. Bruce HL, Barrow PA, Rycroft AN. Zoonotic potential of Salmonella enterica carried by pet tortoises. Veterinary Record. 2018 Feb;182(5):141.
  32. Tariq S, Samad A, Hamza M, Ahmer A, Muazzam A, Ahmad S, Amhabj AM. Salmonella in Poultry; An Overview. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Arts. 2022 Sep 3;1(1):80-84.
  33. Liu H, Whitehouse CA, Li B. Presence and persistence of Salmonella in water: the impact on microbial quality of water and food safety. Frontiers in Public Health. 2018 May 30;6:159.
  34. Li B, Jackson SA, Gangiredla J, Wang W, Liu H, Tall BD, et al. Genomic evidence reveals numerous Salmonella enterica serovar Newport reintroduction events in Suwannee watershed irrigation ponds. Appl Environ Microbiol. (2015) 81:8243–53.
  35. Richterman A, Sainvilien DR, Eberly L, Ivers LC. Individual and household risk factors for symptomatic cholera infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2018 Oct 15;218(suppl_3):S154-64.
  36. Baker-Austin C, Oliver JD, Alam M, Ali A, Waldor MK, Qadri F, Martinez-Urtaza J. Vibrio spp. infections. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2018 Dec;4(1):1-9.
  37. Wright AC, Montazeri N. Vibrios. In Foodborne Infections and Intoxications 2021 Jan 1: 105-124. Academic Press.
  38. Gwenzi W, Sanganyado E. Recurrent cholera outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa: moving beyond epidemiology to understand the environmental reservoirs and drivers. challenges. 2019 Jan 7;10(1):1.
  39. Penakalapati G, Swarthout J, Delahoy MJ, McAliley L, Wodnik B, Levy K, Freeman MC. Exposure to animal feces and human health: a systematic review and proposed research priorities. Environmental science & technology. 2017 Oct 17;51(20):11537-52.
  40. Prescott JF, Boerlin P. Antimicrobial use in companion animals and Good Stewardship Practice. The Veterinary Record. 2016 Nov 12;179(19):486.
  41. Sasakova N, Gregova G, Takacova D, Mojzisova J, Papajova I, Venglovsky J, Szaboova T, Kovacova S. Pollution of surface and ground water by sources related to agricultural activities. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2018 Jul 27;2:42.
  42. Anas M, Sami MA, Siddiqui Z, Khatoon K, Zeyad MT, Malik A. Impact of climate change on the incidence and transfer of food-and water-borne diseases. Microbiomes and the global climate change. 2021:123-44.
  43. Leigh NG, Lee H. Sustainable and resilient urban water systems: The role of decentralization and planning. Sustainability. 2019 Feb 12;11(3):918.

Most read articles by the same author(s)