##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Download
pdf
Statistic
Read Counter : 66 Download : 45

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Abstract

The levels of some heavy metals (cadmium, lead, chromium) and pesticide residues (Malathion, Dimethoate, Profernofoes, PrimiohosMe) were estimated in some aromatic medicinal plants (chamomile, anise seeds, coriander, fennel) and leafy vegetables (cabbage, celery, grape leaves, and coriander, Mint, lettuce, spinach, and watercress) are commonly used and collected frm various markets. Organophosphorus pesticides have also been detected in some aromatic medicinal plants and leafy vegetables. Where, chamomile samples showed only Malathion, while in coriander malathion is 0.86 and Dimethoate have been detected in Anise seeds, profernofoes in chamomile were predominant, and leafy vegetables have also been detected some Organophosphorus pesticides in green mint Malathion, profernofoes is dominant, the findings showed that some heavy metals were present in some of the samples that were collected. Lead and chromium levels, as well as varying amounts of cadmium and chromium, were found in grape leaves in the majority of the samples that were examined. Samples of chamomile flowers had the greatest average amounts of cadmium and chromium, whereas samples of anise seeds had the highest levels of lead.

Keywords

cadmium chromium examined highest

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Shahla Hussien huno. (2023). Metal and pesticide residues levels accumulated in leafy vegetables and several fragrant medicinal plants in Baghdad Governorate / Iraq. Texas Journal of Medical Science, 26, 183–188. https://doi.org/10.62480/tjms.2023.vol26.pp183-188
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Kosalec I, Cvek J, Tomic ´ S (2009) Contaminants of medicinal herbs and herbal products. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 60:485–501.
  2. World Health Organization (WHO). National policy on traditional medicine and regulation of herbal medicines report of a WHO global survey. Geneva: WHO; 2005.
  3. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO guidelines for assessing quality of herbal medicines with reference to contaminants and residue. Geneva: WHO; 2007.
  4. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in pharmacovigilance systems. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
  5. Ernst E. Toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs in Asian herbal medicines. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2002;23:136-9.
  6. Chan K. Some aspects of toxic contaminants in herbal medicines. Chemosphere 2003;52:1361-71.
  7. Yang YC, Lu FH, Wu JS, Wu CH, Chang CJ (2004) The protective effect of habitual tea consumption on hypertension. Arch Intern Med 164:1534–1540
  8. Panchawat S, Rathore KS, Sisodia SS (2010) A review on herbal antioxidants. Intern J Pharm Tech Res 2:232–239
  9. Kaufmann SHE (2009) Your amazing immune system, how it protects your body. European Federation of Immunological Societies, pp 20–29
  10. Rai V, Kakkar P, Misra C, Ojha SK, Srivastava N, Mehrotra S (2007) Metals and organochlorine pesticide residues in some herbal ayurvedic formulations. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 79:269–272
  11. Ahmed MT, Loutfy N, Yousef Y (2001) Contamination of medicinal herbs with organophosphorus insecticides. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 66:421–426
  12. World Health Organization (2007) WHO guidelines for assessing quality of herbal medicines. http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/ documents/s14878e/s14878e.pdf
  13. DG SANCO (2008) EU Pesticide database. http://ec.europa.eu/ sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm. Accessed 15 Jan 2013
  14. Parra, P. Te´.,(2006). (Camellia sinensis L.). ReVista Alimentos Argentinos (Buenos Aires), 34, pp 18-26
  15. Bartlett AH. Fine teas flower in the bay area. N.Y., (2004).
  16. Simonetti G, Simonetti N, Villa A.,( 2000). “Increased microbicidal activity of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in combination with butylated hydroxyanisole”. Journal of Chemotherapy 16 (2), pp 122-127.
  17. Gravel, I. V., Yakovlev, G. P., Petrpov, N. N., Stulouskii, S. S., & Listov, S. A. (1994). Content of heavy metals in some species of medicinal plants in the Altaishii Krai. Rastite' nye-Resursy, 30(1±2), 108
  18. Wang, M. K., Tan, P., & Wee, Y. C. (1993). Heavy metal contents in some Chinese herbal plants. Biological Trace Element Research, 36, 124±134.
  19. Schilcher, H., Peters, H., & Wank, H. (1987). Pestiszide and Schmermretalle in Arzneipmanzen and Arzneiplanzen Zubereitungen. Pharm. Ind., 49, 202±211.
  20. Abou-Arab, A.A.K., Kawther , M. Soliman., Tantawy. M.E. El, Badeaa, R. Ismail , Khayria. Naguib, Quantity estimation of some contaminants in commonly used medicinal plants in the Egyptian market, Food Chemistry 67 (1999) 357±363.
  21. Dogheim , S. M., Ashraf . El M. M., Alla. S. A. G., Khorshid. M. A., Fahmy. S. M. 30 January 2015, At: 06:46 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
  22. O. Awodele, TD. Popoola, KC. Amadi , HA. Coker and A. Akintonwa , “Traditional medicinal plants in Nigeria—Remedies or risks, ” Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2003, vol. 150,pp. 614-618.
  23. T. N. Srinivasan, “Trade, Development and Growth.” Graham Memorial Lecture, Essays in International Economics 2001. Vol. 225. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University department of Economics
  24. K. Platel, K. Srinivasan , “Studies on the influence of dietary spices on food transit time in experimental rats. , ” Nutr Res 2001; vol.21 : pp. 1309-1314.
  25. T. Srinivasan ,; Economic ,2005 vol.730 a (fall 2005)
  26. H. Bhat, P. Sampath, R. Pai, , R. Bollor, M. Baliga and R. Fayad, “Indian medicinal plants as immunomodulators”: scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal beliefs. Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases:
  27. Bioactive Food in Chronic Disease States 2003, p. 215. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology 2016; 1(3): 67-71 71
  28. J. Desmet, M. De Maeyer, B. Hazes, and I. Lasters, “The dead-end elimination theorem and its use in protein side-chain positioning”, Nature. 1992. Vol.356:pp.539–542.
  29. M. Anastassiades, B. Tasdelen, E. Scherbaum, and D. Stajnbaher, “Recent developments in QuEChERS methodology for pesticide multiresidue analysis”. 2007. In: Ohkawa, H., Miyagawa,H., Lee, P.W. (Eds.), Pesticide Chemistry: Crop Protection, Public Health, Environmental Safety. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
  30. H. Baye and A . Hymete, “ Lead and cadmium accumulation in medicinal plants collected from environmentally different sites”. Bull Environm. Contam & Toxicol, 2010,vol. 84, pp.197–201
  31. AA. Barakat, H. Badawy, E. Salama, , E. Attallah and G. Maatook, “Simple and rapid method ofanalysis for determination of pesticide residues in honey using dispersive solid phase extraction and GC determination”. J. Food Agric. Environ. 2007, vol.5,pp. 97–100.
  32. W. Bödeker and C. Dümmler. “Pestizide und Gesundheit”, 2nd ed. Karlsruhe British crop protection council 2002.
  33. H . Abdelkader , M . Hajjo, and U. Fatma “Medicinal Plants, Pesticide Residues, and Methods of Pesticide Analysis” 2009 chapter, 15. Hand book of Pesticides Residues Analysis Edited by Hamir Singh Rathore and Leo M . L . Nollet CRC Press 2009 PP.401–434
  34. M. Anastassiades, S. Lehotay, D. Stajnbaher and F. Schenck, "Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and dispersive solid-phase extraction" for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J AOAC Int 2003, vol.86(2):pp. 412-431.
  35. OECD "Guidance for the derivation of an acute reference dose. " Paris, France, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (ENV/JM/MONO 2010 ,15; Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 124. [14] P. C. Abhilash and N. Singh, "Multiple residue extraction for organochlorine pesticides in medicinal plants". Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2008 vol. 81,pp. 604–607.
  36. A. H. El-Ghorab, F. Osman, M. A. Abd El Mageed, M. S. Shaheen, A.M. Hussein, A. F. Mansour, A.Hamdy, Sh. Khaled ,F. El-Massrey, and T.Shibamot , "Effects of Fermentation and Cooking on the Quality of Sausages and Burgers. " international Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences vol.3, Iss.3, Apr-Jun 2014 [16] M.C.R. Alavanja, "Health Effects of Chronic Pesticide Exposure – Cancer and Neurotoxicity". Annual Review of Public Health 2004. Vol.25. pp.155-97
  37. FAO Manual ,"Submission and evaluation of pesticide residues data for the estimation of maximum residue levels in food and feed. Rome", Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO Plant Production and Protection 2009 .Paper 197.