Texas Journal of Medical Science provides the opportunity to the authors to publish their original research articles in Medical Sciences and allied field. Frequency of Publication: Monthly Acceptance Notification: 45 Days ISSN (Online): 2770-2936 doi Prefix: 10.62480
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Histological Changes In The Ovaries At Early Stages Of Postnatal Development
The article deals with the study the histotopographic changes in ovarian tissue of 6- month-old children. The ovaries of 6-month-old children who died of pneumonia were studied histologically and histochemically. The results show that the primordial eggs of a 6-month-old child are located in the middle zone of the cortex, have different sizes, some are atretized, others are vacuolized, and granulose and teka cells are activated randomly. they are localized and proliferate in interstitial tissue. Histochemically, it was found that collagen fibers stained with picrofuxin appeared around blood vessels between primordial eggs, acid glycosaminglycans stained with Altian blue are few due to the density of the tissue of the cortical layer and diffusely distributed due to the rarity of the cerebral layer. the tissue is swollen and myxmatous. At the age of 6 months, it is determined that the ovarian medulla is insufficiently developed, the blood vessels are small, the wall cells are hyperchromic due to lack of differentiation, and the cells and fibrous structures in the intermediate connective tissue are few and incomplete
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Clinical And Transfusiological Assessment Of Prp-Therapy In The Treatment Of Men's Infertility In Non-Structural Azoospermia
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the most complex forms of male infertility, caused by a primary disruption of spermatogenesis. The purpose of this study was the clinical and transfusiological assessment of the effectiveness and safety of PRP-therapy in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. The study included 60 patients with confirmed NA, who underwent autologous PRP intrastiticular administration. Clinical, hormonal, ultrasound, and laboratory indicators were assessed before treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment
A Brief Review Of Articles Published On The Results Of Certain Scientific Studies Dedicated To The Application Of Silver Nanoparticles In Medicine And Pharmacy.
In recent years, nanotechnology has become one of the key driving forces in the advancement of modern medicine, leading to increased interest in the study of silver nanoparticles and the expansion of their practical applications. Owing to their pronounced antibacterial and antiseptic properties, silver nanoparticles are increasingly used in medical and pharmaceutical practice. This article presents a brief analytical review of scientific studies published in recent years in the global scientific literature, focusing on the application of silver nanoparticles in medicine and pharmacy.
Impact Of Hypothyroidism During Pregnancy On Children's Neurodevolution (Including Autism Spectrum Disorders)
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of hypothyroidism during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment, particularly autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The effects of thyroid hormone deficiency Considering the epidemiological, mechanistic and clinical aspects, maternal thyroid dysfunction has a cumulative negative impact on fetal brain development. Based on research, risk ratios, treatment efficacy, and environmental factors are discussed, and the need for preventive measures is emphasized. The article is based on a scientific approach, covering a wide range of evidence from animal models to clinical data
Topographic And Anatomical Pathways Of Tumor Dissemination In The Female Reproductive Organs
The anatomy of the female pelvis and reproductive organs constitutes a highly complex topographic– anatomical system that plays a pivotal role in understanding the clinical behavior and dissemination patterns of malignant tumors. Accurate knowledge of pelvic anatomy is of particular importance in gynecologic oncology, where surgical strategy, the extent of lymphadenectomy, identification of metastatic routes, and prognostic assessment are directly influenced by individual variations in vascular supply, lymphatic drainage, organ syntopy, and fascial and cellular compartments. Although classical anatomical descriptions of the pelvic organs are well established, contemporary evidence derived from magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, three-dimensional reconstruction, and lymphatic mapping has revealed substantial interindividual anatomical variability. These findings necessitate a critical reappraisal of traditional concepts regarding tumor spread, especially in cervical cancer, endometrial carcinoma, and ovarian neoplasms. The present review aims to synthesize current data on the anatomy of the female pelvis, fascial planes, cellular spaces, and lymphatic pathways, as well as to elucidate their role in the dissemination of gynecologic malignancies and their implications for surgical management.
First Aid For Injured Patients With Open And Closed Fractures
This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of first aid measures for patients with open and closed fractures. Open fractures involve a break in the skin, exposing the bone, while closed fractures do not penetrate the skin. The importance of prompt and appropriate first aid cannot be overstated, as it significantly impacts the overall outcome of the patient. This article reviews the available literature, discusses various first aid techniques, and provides conclusions and suggestions for optimizing the initial response to fractures
New Treatments And Lt3 (Liothyronine) Combinations / Alternative Therapies
This article reviews new approaches to the treatment of hypothyroidism, specifically the combination of levothyroxine (LT4) and liothyronine (LT3), as well as alternative therapies. The article provides an in-depth review of the limitations of LT4 monotherapy, the rationale for the addition of LT3, clinical trial results, safety issues, and future developments. The aim is to highlight more effective treatment options for patients with persistent symptoms and to emphasize the importance of personalized medicine.
Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer Using Modern Molecular and Genetic Methods
Breast cancer represents one of the most significant oncological challenges of the modern era and remains the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide. According to global cancer statistics, breast cancer accounts for nearly one quarter of all female cancer cases and constitutes a leading cause of cancer-related mortality despite substantial progress in diagnosis and treatment. The increasing incidence of breast cancer is attributed to a combination of demographic aging, lifestyle changes, reproductive factors, and improved detection through screening programs. At the same time, advances in early detection have resulted in a growing proportion of patients being diagnosed at early stages of the disease, when curative treatment is achievable and long-term survival rates are high
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major global public health concern. This review outlines current approaches to managing CHB in pregnant individuals. The rate of HBV infection in pregnancy generally mirrors that of the wider population in a given region. Universal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is essential during pregnancy. For those who test positive, further assessment may involve measuring hepatitis B e antigen, HBV DNA levels, alanine aminotransferase, and HBsAg quantitation. Clinical management is guided by the phase of HBV infection, which should ideally be established prior to conception. For individuals with CHB who may become pregnant, antiviral therapy serves two key purposes: to treat active liver disease and to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Tenofovir is the recommended antiviral agent during pregnancy for both indications. To prevent vertical transmission, every newborn to an HBsAg-positive mother should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth. Breastfeeding is not contraindicated for mothers with CHB.
Dietary Control Of Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease
Early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a critical opportunity for intervention aimed at delaying disease progression and reducing long-term complications. Although pharmacological treatment remains essential, increasing evidence indicates that dietary management plays a central role in modulating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying renal decline. This study reviews and analyzes current evidence on the effects of targeted dietary interventions — including moderate protein restriction, sodium reduction, phosphorus control, and plant-forward dietary patterns — on renal outcomes in patients with CKD stages 1–3. The findings suggest that individualized nutritional strategies can slow the decline in glomerular filtration rate, reduce proteinuria, improve metabolic and inflammatory profiles, and enhance cardiovascular risk management. Integrating dietary therapy into early CKD care may therefore offer a safe, cost-effective, and sustainable approach to improving patient outcomes
This article discusses the classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches of atrial fibrillation
Ischemic stroke is an acute neurological syndrome caused by the sudden interruption of cerebral blood flow due to thrombus formation or atherosclerotic occlusion of intracranial vessels. This article reviews the pathogenesis, key clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and stepwise treatment protocols for ischemic stroke. Timely recognition and appropriate management significantly reduce mortality and long‐ term disability.
Diseases of the adrenal gland and their heredity
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the causes of pancreatic diseases, their forming factors, especially the role of hereditary factors. The genetic basis of diseases such as pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus types I and II, as well as pancreatic tumors, their mechanisms of inheritance and molecular biological processes are covered on the basis of scientific sources. The article considers the relationship of functional disorders in the pancreas with genetic mutations, autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of inheritance, as well as the interaction between environmental factors and hereditary predisposition in the development of multifactorial diseases. Recommendations are given on early diagnosis of hereditary diseases, screening programs, preventive measures and their clinical significance.
Nutritional Principles And Dietary Management In Patients With Liver Disease
Liver diseases are characterized by complex metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory alterations that profoundly affect nutritional status, body composition, and clinical outcomes. Malnutrition and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in chronic liver disease and independently predict morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on nutritional disturbances and dietary interventions in liver disease. A structured narrative analysis of international and regional literature examined energy and protein metabolism, micronutrient deficiencies, muscle wasting, and disease-specific dietary strategies. The findings indicate that adequate energy and protein intake, appropriate meal timing, and individualized nutritional support reduce catabolism, preserve muscle mass, and improve functional status. Targeted correction of vitamin D and zinc deficiency may further support metabolic and immune function
Prevention Of Growth And Development Retardation In Infants Born With Intrauterine Growth Restriction During The First Year Of Life
This article examines the strategies and methods for preventing growth and development retardation in infants born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during their first year of life. IUGR is a significant perinatal complication that affects a child’s physical and cognitive development, potentially leading to long-term health consequences. The research highlights the importance of early identification, monitoring, and intervention to mitigate the negative effects of restricted intrauterine growth.
Optimizing The Diagnosis Of Patients With Metabolic-Associated Steatohepatitis
Metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, abbreviated as MASH, represents an inflammatory and potentially progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, abbreviated as MASLD. Because symptoms are often absent until advanced disease develops, the central diagnostic challenge is not merely detecting steatosis, but identifying the subgroup at risk for clinically meaningful outcomes, especially advanced fibrosis. In routine care, liver biopsy remains the reference standard for confirming steatohepatitis, grading activity, and staging fibrosis, yet it is invasive, costly, and impractical for population-level case finding. As a result, contemporary diagnostic optimization increasingly relies on structured, stepwise strategies that combine simple blood-based fibrosis scores, imaging-based elastography, and selective use of advanced modalities, supported by clear referral pathways across primary care, diabetology, obesity services, and hepatology
metabolic-associated steatohepatitisnoninvasive tests
Blood Enzymes At Various Values Of External Temperature And Insolation Level
Blood enzymes are key biochemical components of the body, participating in many vital processes, including metabolism, regulation of many physiological functions and reactions to changes in external factors. One of the significant influencing factors is the impact of ambient temperature, as well as the level of insolation, that is, the amount of solar radiation reaching the body's surface. With changes in external temperature, blood enzymes exhibit different activity. The activation or inhibition of biochemical reaction chains can be caused by both the temperature sensitivity of the enzymes themselves and changes in the body's internal homeostasis. However, excessive heating can also lead to protein denaturation, which seriously limits enzyme functionality. Insolation, in turn, can influence enzyme synthesis and activity through mechanisms associated with ultraviolet radiation
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Fetal Lung Tissue Viability Assessment Using Doppler Ultrasound Screening
Fetal lung maturity is a key determinant of neonatal survival and postnatal respiratory adaptation. Accurate assessment of fetal lung tissue viability plays a critical role in perinatal management, particularly in highrisk pregnancies. Doppler ultrasound has emerged as a non-invasive and highly informative tool for evaluating fetal pulmonary circulation and perfusion, offering insight into the functional development of the lungs. This study aims to evaluate the clinical significance, methodology, and diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasound screening in the assessment of fetal lung tissue viability, and to provide a basis for its use in prenatal care protocols.
Possibilities Of Computed Tomography In The Diagnosis Of Central Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis
The possibility of visualizing spinal pathology allows us to consider CT as the main and most accessible diagnostic method for vertebral and discogenic lesions, which can be used to accurately identify pathological changes that cause central lumbar spinal canal stenosis. CT with SCT and MSCT was perceived by many scientists as the biggest step forward in radiation diagnostics since the discovery of X-rays
Morphology, Histogenesis And Differential Diagnosis Of Cardiac Myxoma
Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary benign tumor of the heart. The disease can manifest itself as dizziness, spontaneous nocturnal shortness of breath and hemoptysis. The tumor can block the blood flow, leading to the death of the patient, so if symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. Myxoma can be located in any cavity of the heart, but most often affects the left or right atrium. The tumor grows on a leg, which is attached to a recess in the septum between the left and right parts of the heart. Often it has a smooth surface, but in a third of cases it is loose and villous
Enhancing The Accuracy And Effectiveness Of Radiological Techniques In Detecting Late-Stage Hip Joint Complications Following Covid-19 Infection
The objective of this study is to improve the diagnostic effectiveness of radiological methods in identifying late-stage post-COVID pathologies of the hip joint. This includes defining specific radiological features and patterns that characterize these complications, thereby aiding in early detection, accurate staging, and appropriate management of post-COVID hip joint diseases. Timely and precise diagnosis is essential to prevent progression to severe joint damage and reduce the risk of disability
Improving the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis using Doppler ultrasound
This article describes the way of improving the diagnosis of cute pyelonephritis, which is a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma most commonly seen in young women. It remains common and continues to have significant morbidity in certain groups of patients, using doppleroghraphy
The Role of Ultrasonography in Identifying Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis refers to an abnormal enlargement of the renal pelvicalyceal system resulting from obstruction or disturbance of normal urinary drainage. This condition may present in either acute or chronic forms and, if not identified and managed promptly, can progress to permanent renal impairment and eventual kidney failure. Ultrasonography is widely recognized as the primary imaging technique for assessing hydronephrosis due to its broad accessibility, noninvasive nature, affordability, and absence of ionizing radiation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical significance and diagnostic effectiveness of ultrasound in the identification, differentiation, and follow-up of hydronephrosis across various underlying causes
Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy In The Treatment Of Patients With Rectal Cancer
One of the major limitations of the traditional treatment sequence is that a substantial proportion of patients are unable to complete planned adjuvant chemotherapy. Postoperative complications, prolonged recovery, stoma-related issues, and decreased performance status frequently lead to dose reductions, treatment delays, or complete omission of systemic therapy.
Molecular and Biological Subtypes of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by diverse molecular and biological subtypes, which influence prognosis and treatment strategies. Identification of these subtypes through molecular profiling has significantly improved personalized therapy, leading to better clinical outcomes. This review provides an overview of the main molecular subtypes of breast cancer, their biological characteristics, and implications for patient management
The Flow Of Anesthesia In The Upper Limb Of Patients: Assessing The Positive And Negative Health Impacts.
Anesthesia of the upper limb is a critical component of surgical and diagnostic procedures, particularly in orthopedic and reconstructive interventions. Regional anesthesia techniques, such as brachial plexus blocks, rely on the effective flow and distribution of anesthetic agents along neural pathways to achieve adequate sensory and motor blockade. This paper assessed the flow of anesthesia in the upper limb by examining both its positive and negative health impacts. Positive effects include effective pain control, reduced reliance on general anesthesia, faster postoperative recovery, and improved patient satisfaction. Conversely, potential negative impacts such as nerve injury, local anesthetic systemic toxicity, vascular complications, and incomplete anesthesia are also evaluated. Emphasis is placed on anatomical considerations, physiological mechanisms, and clinical practices that influence anesthetic flow and patient safety. The study highlights the importance of accurate technique, proper dosing, and continuous monitoring in minimizing risks. The study concluded that the flow of anesthesia in the upper limb is a vital aspect of regional anesthetic practice, particularly in procedures involving the arm, forearm, and hand. This analysis demonstrates that when appropriately administered, upper limb anesthesia offers significant positive health impacts, including effective pain control, reduced need for general anesthesia, faster postoperative recovery, and improved patient satisfaction. One of the recommendations made was that evidence-based protocols and safety guidelines for upper limb regional anesthesia should be consistently followed to ensure accurate administration and optimal anesthetic flow
Analysis Of Metabolic Status Indicators In Children Depending On The Type Of Feeding
The study investigates metabolic disorders in children depending on the type of feeding during the first years of life. Breastfed children demonstrated optimal lipid and glucose metabolism, while children on artificial or mixed feeding had higher triglycerides, LDL, and total cholesterol levels, as well as accelerated weight gain. Early nutritional interventions and proper care significantly reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome in later childhood.
Clinical and immunological description of epileptic encephalopathy in early childhood and development of criteria for its early diagnosis
This article provides a comprehensive study of the clinical and immunological characteristics of early childhood epileptic encephalopathy. Within the framework of the research, diagnostic criteria were developed to enable early identification of epileptic encephalopathy and its differential diagnosis from other forms of epilepsy. Immunological markers — interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) — and their relationship with clinical manifestations were analyzed. Based on the obtained results, scientific and practical recommendations were developed to improve the effectiveness of early diagnosis and treatment.
Periodontitis: Modern Approaches to Treatment and Prevention. Clinical Results
Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues and is a leading cause of premature tooth loss in adults. The disease is characterized by a progressive course, a tendency to recur , and a close relationship with systemic pathology. This article presents modern approaches to the treatment and prevention of periodontitis and analyzes the clinical effectiveness of combination therapy. A clinical observation of patients with chronic periodontitis was conducted. In a study of patients with generalized periodontitis, the dynamics of clinical indicators and the sustainability of remission were assessed using preventive programs. The results demonstrate the high effectiveness of comprehensive treatment combined with systemic prevention and follow-up.
Neutralizing Antibody Titers In Post-Covid-19 Patients And Post-Covid Pneumonia: Prognostic Value And Clinical Course
Pneumonia and delayed inflammatory processes observed in the post-COVID period are associated with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers represent a key component of the immune response to the virus, and their levels may influence disease severity, duration, and the course of post-COVID syndrome. This article analyzes the relationship between NAb titers, hematological parameters (Hb, erythrocytes, leukocytes, color index, ESR), and the clinical progression of post-COVID pneumonia in a cohort of unvaccinated patients examined after recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia.