Texas Journal of Medical Science provides the opportunity to the authors to publish their original research articles in Medical Sciences and allied field. Frequency of Publication: Monthly Acceptance Notification: 45 Days ISSN (Online): 2770-2936 doi Prefix: 10.62480
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Remote results of modern surgical approaches in the treatment of esophageal cancer
Esophageal cancer remains one of the most aggressive forms of gastrointestinal malignancy, characterized by a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Surgery, often combined with chemoradiation, remains the primary definitive treatment option. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the analysis of long-term outcomes, including overall and disease-free survival, quality of life, and the incidence of complications and tumor recurrence. This paper presents summarized clinical observational da ta characterizing the long-term effectiveness of surgical treatment. Key factors influencing survival are identified, including tumor morphology, degree of invasion, surgical radicality, resection margin status, and comorbidities. A comparative analysis of the outcomes of open and minimally invasive procedures is also conducted. The data obtained confirm the need for a comprehensive approach, multidisciplinary monitoring, and optimized postoperative patient care to improve five-year survival.
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Assessment Of Metabolic Status Indicators In Children In Relation To Feeding
The type of infant feeding plays a crucial role in metabolic adaptation and long-term health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate metabolic status indicators in children depending on the type of feeding during infancy. A total of 124 children were followed longitudinally for 14 years. Clinical and laboratory assessments included complete blood count, biochemical tests, and lipid profile analyses (LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol). Children who were exclusively breastfed demonstrated optimal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters. In contrast, those who received mixed or artificial feeding showed signs of dyslipidemia, characterized by significantly higher triglyceride (1.2 ± 0.08 mmol/L vs. 0.74 ± 0.08 mmol/L, p < 0.05) and LDL levels (3.4 ± 0.11 mmol/L vs. 2.0 ± 0.01 mmol/L, p < 0.05). Early rapid weight gain was more frequent among artificially fed infants and was associated with later metabolic imbalance. These findings suggest that exclusive breastfeeding contributes to stable lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and helps prevent early metabolic disturbances. The type of feeding and early child care practices are key determinants of metabolic adaptation and prevention of obesity-related disorders in adolescence.
Cardiovascular Adaptation And Functional Responses To Physical Stress In Children And Adolescents With Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia
Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) is a genetically determined condition characterized by systemic manifestations affecting multiple organs, including the cardiovascular system. Children and adolescents with UCTD demonstrate impaired structural, functional, and autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, which reduces their tolerance to physical stress.
Pathophysiological Features Of Hemostatic Disorders In Infants With Acute Pneumonia Complicated By Perinatal Cns Injury
Acute pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in infants, with disease severity markedly increasing in those with perinatal central nervous system (CNS) injury. Hypoxic - ischemic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, and perinatal asphyxia create persistent endothelial dysfunction and impaired neurohumoral regulation, predisposing infants to exaggerated inflammatory and prothrombotic responses during respiratory infections. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of hemostatic disturbances in this vulnerable population is crucial for improving early diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and clinical outcomes.
Pediatric Renal Anemia: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact And Evolving Strategies For Management In Chronic Kidney Disease
Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a global health priority due to its early onset, rapid progression, and long-term complications. Among these, anemia represents one of the most frequent and clinically significant disorders, contributing to cardiovascular remodeling, neurocognitive delay, growth retardation, and reduced quality of life. Despite advances in nephrology, diagnosis and management of CKD-associated anemia in children remain challenging because of multifactorial pathogenesis and variability in therapeutic response
Habibulloyeva Bibiroziya Rakhmatullozoda
Impact of Seasonal Variations on the Hemostatic System in COVID-19
At present, improving medical care for children during the recovery period after COVID-19, reducing post-recovery complications, and preventing their occurrence remain a priority direction in both scientific and practical pediatrics. The causative agent of COVID-19 induces inflammation and enhances blood coagulation. Researchers have warned that SARS-CoV-2 may damage blood vessels in children, potentially leading to the future development of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, stroke, and chronic kidney disease.
Early Immunogenetic Markers For Predicting Food Allergy Development In Children: Clinical And Molecular Approaches
Food allergy (FA) is a rapidly increasing immunopathological condition in childhood, often developing during the first years of life when immune regulation, epithelial barrier integrity and microbiota composition are still maturing. Early detection is essential to prevent progression toward atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Immunogenetic markers—including cytokine signatures, epithelial alarmins, filaggrin gene mutations and microRNA profiles—represent promising early predictors of FA
Behcet's Disease: Difficulties In Diagnosis And Patient Management (Clinical Example)
The article describes a clinical case of Behçet's disease, a rare systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent orogenital ulcers, ocular and skin manifestations. Detailed anamnesis, clinical examination, laboratory tests and treatment are presented
Early Childhood Nutritional Imbalance: Interrelation Of Anemia And Overweight And Evidence-Based Preventive Approaches
Anemia and overweight represent a growing double burden of malnutrition among preschool children worldwide. Iron-deficiency anemia remains highly prevalent due to insufficient intake of micronutrients, while overweight is increasing as a result of high-calorie, nutrient-poor diets and reduced physical activity. Despite appearing metabolically opposite, both conditions frequently coexist, leading to impaired growth, reduced cognitive performance, and long-term metabolic complications.
Advantages Of The Neutron-Activation Method In Diagnosing Microelement Deficiency In Patients Recovered From Covid-19
This article discusses the advantages of neutron-activation analysis (NAT) in diagnosing microelement deficiencies in children who have recovered from COVID-19. NAT possesses high sensitivity and allows for the simultaneous detection of 22 elements in hair samples. According to dissertation results, in 112 children, zinc (Zn) decreased by 1.6 times (54.61±1.7 mcg/g), iron (Fe) by 2.2 times (9.09±0.29 mcg/g), and polymicroelementosis was detected in 89.3% of cases. The non-invasiveness and accuracy of NAT make it an important tool in pediatric diagnostics. An algorithm developed based on NAT during the recovery period (DGU №34416) has demonstrated confirmed effectiveness
Morpho-Functional Changes Of The Kidneys In Hypoparathyroidism: A Comprehensive Review
Hypoparathyroidism (HPT) is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by chronic parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency, resulting in persistent hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and reduced calcitriol synthesis. These biochemical abnormalities have a profound impact on renal morphology and function. Numerous studies indicate that long-standing HPT predisposes patients to nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, tubular injury, interstitial fibrosis, and a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate. Despite increasing recognition of renal involvement, comprehensive evaluation of morpho-functional kidney changes in HPT remains limited
Diagnostic Criteria Of Henoch–Schönlein Purpura (Hemorrhagic Vasculitis) In Children
Henoch–Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis) is the most common systemic vasculitis of childhood. Despite the availability of international diagnostic standards, clinical heterogeneity and atypical presentations continue to contribute to delayed or inaccurate diagnosis, increasing the risk of renal and gastrointestinal complications. The EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria remain the most widely adopted framework, but their practical effectiveness requires continuous evaluation in light of new clinical and immunopathological evidence
Laboratory Characteristics And Diagnostic Significance Of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea In Young Children
To determine the specific laboratory characteristics of AAD in early childhood and assess the diagnostic value of fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and coprological parameters in differentiating disease forms.
Morphological Changes In The Liver In Steatosis Induced By The Use Of Burdock Root (Arctium Lappa) Extract: An Experimental Study
The aim of the study was to investigate morphological changes in the liver during experimental steatosis and to evaluate the corrective effect of burdock root (Arctium lappa) extract. Steatosis was induced in laboratory animals using a high-fat diet combined with the hepatotoxic action of thioacetamide. Morphometric and histological examinations revealed pronounced fatty infiltration, ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, inflammatory infiltration, and signs of early fibrosis. Administration of A. lappa extract led to a reduction in the degree of steatosis, decreased inflammation, and restoration of the lobular architecture of the liver. The findings indicate the promising potential of burdock root as a natural hepatoprotective agent.
The English Translation Of Your Phrase Is: “Post-Covid-19 Lung Changes And Rehabilitation Methods”
This article analyzes the significance, types, and objectives of the rehabilitation process after COVID-19. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in restoring physical, cognitive, and mental health, as well as improving the quality of daily life for patients. The article highlights key areas such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and mental health therapy. It also provides information on developing individualized rehabilitation plans, assessing patients’ needs, and monitoring recovery progress. The recommendations emphasize the importance of a personalized approach, interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals, and social support. Rehabilitation is considered a key factor in returning to a healthy life, regaining independence, and enhancing psychological resilience after COVID-19.
Prevention Of Obesity And Metabolic Syndrome In Young People
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) are significant risk factors for cardiovascular and endocrine diseases among young people. The purpose of the study is to assess metric indicators, the prevalence of body mass disorders, and potential risk factors for MS among students. The study involved 382 students of the Central Asian Medical University (Fergana city, Uzbekistan) aged 18-25. An assessment of height, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) was conducted, and the distribution of students by BMI categories was calculated. It was established that 21.8% of students have a metabolic risk, of which 23.8% have excess body weight and 1.6% have obesity of the 1st degree. The average BMI value was 23.8±2.1 kg/m2. The results obtained confirm the necessity of implementing preventive programs aimed at reducing the prevalence of obesity risk factors among university students
Comprehensive Assessment Of The Spread Of Echinococcosis And Improvement Of Preventive Measures
The annual incidence in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan is estimated at 25-27 cases per 100 000 population. The data obtained confirm that the Fergana region is a region with persistent echinococcosis circulation, where the actual prevalence may be higher than the official surgical incidence. We conducted a retrospective statistical analysis of echinococcosis incidence in the Fergana region for the period 2023-2024. The overall incidence dynamics show 19 cases in 2023 and 20 cases in 2024, an increase of +5.3%. Thus, the overall incidence of echinococcosis in the region remained relatively stable, with a slight increase compared to the previous year. Specific control and preventive measures adapted to regional conditions are proposed
Experience Of Using A Foley Catheter And Dinoprostone To Preparate The Cervix For Labor
This article analyzes cases of using a Foley catheter and dinoprostone for cervical preparation for labor and compares their effectiveness. According to the study results, induction of labor with a Foley catheter was more effective than dinoprostone in accelerating cervical ripening and the onset and duration of labor. In addition, the Foley catheter group had a lower complication rate, and the condition of the mother and child was more stable. These results demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Foley catheter induction of labor in clinical practice.
Premature Infants And Methods Of Care In Pediatric
Premature babies are those born before 37 weeks of gestation or with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams. This problem is relevant all over the world and has a serious impact on infant mortality and child health in many countries. According to statistics, millions of premature babies are born worldwide every year, and many of them have problems with survival or development, depending on the care conditions.
Monoclonal Antibody in Treatment of Severe Allergic Asthma: A Meta-Analysis on The Effectiveness of Omalizumab
Asthma is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that has persistent symptoms with intermittent periods of exacerbation, representing the reduction in health status. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has become fourth leading cause of death in 2021, responsible for approximately 5% of total deaths[1,2,3,4]]. Frequent, recurring periods of exacerbation may reach significant severity, and advanced therapy may become necessary, including the prescription of omalizumab, the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody. This meta-analysis aims to determine and systematically review the effect of omalizumab compared with the placebo in the control of severe asthma
Pharmacological Strategies To Reduce ChemotherapyInduced Gastrointestinal Toxicity
Chemotherapy induced gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common occurrence associated with many different classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Gastrointestinal toxicity includes mucositis, diarrhea, and constipation, and can often be a dose-limiting complication, induce cessation of treatment and could be life threatening. Modulating the gut microbiome to alleviate chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicities by combining antibiotics with patient-specific probiotics/fecal microbiota transplants to target pathogenic bacteria and replenish the commensal microbiome remains an exciting prospect. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and mucositis, and emerging mechanisms involving the enteric nervous system, smooth muscle cells and enteric immune cells
The Effect Of Long-Term Use Of Hypnotic Drugs On Cognitive Functions
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of long-term use of hypnotic drugs (benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, and melatonergic agonists) on cognitive functions. The neurobiological mechanisms of hypnotic agents—particularly changes in GABA-A receptor subunits, reduced synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and impaired memory consolidation—are outlined based on scientific literature. Research findings indicate that prolonged benzodiazepine use may reduce cognitive performance by 25–40%, while Z-drugs may decrease it by approximately 10–18%. Both reversible and irreversible forms of cognitive decline, along with their association with age, dosage, and treatment duration, are discussed. The study also examines the dynamics of cognitive recovery after discontinuation of hypnotics and evaluates the role of melatonin agonists, nootropics, and antioxidants in improving cognitive outcomes. The findings highlight the need for cautious and short-term use of hypnotic medications in clinical practice and form evidence-based recommendations for enhancing safety in the treatment of sleep disorders.
auses, pathogenesis, clinical and anamnestic analysis and morphometric examination of respiratory distress syndrome and atelectasis in infants
This article, compiled on the basis of an analysis of scientific literature, is devoted to the problem of respiratory distress syndrome and atelectasis in infants. Respiratory disorders are in 2nd place among diseases of infants, their overall incidence is 1% of all infants, and in premature infants it is up to 14%. The most common form of respiratory distress syndrome is atelectasis, the main causes of which are: weakness and slowing of the respiratory center, underdevelopment of the respiratory system, hypoxia or asphyxia, brain or spinal cord injury. Externally, the focus of atelectasis is fleshy, swollen, dark gray, microscopically the walls of the alveoli are tightly packed, the alveolocytes are displaced, and cells and hyaline membranes are found in the space
Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of tests for breast cancer
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Early diagnosis remains a pressing issue, as treatment effectiveness and survival prognosis directly depend on the stage at which the tumor is detected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of laboratory and instrumental methods used to detect breast cancer and to determine their optimal combination to improve diagnostic efficiency . The study included data from 150 women undergoing examination for suspected breast cancer. A comparative analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the serological markers CA 15-3 and CEA was conducted. Morphological confirmation of the diagnosis (biopsy) was taken as the "gold standard." The results showed that MRI achieved the highest sensitivity (95%), while mammography and ultrasound remained the mainstays of primary screening (86% and 80%, respectively). The combined use of instrumental methods and laboratory markers achieved a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 92%, significantly increasing diagnostic accuracy . Thus , the study confirms that the integration of various diagnostic approaches ensures maximum reliability in the early detection of breast cancer and can serve as the basis for optimizing screening algorithms and clinical diagnostics.
Analysis Of Morphometric Indicators Of The Structural Units Of The Lung Tissue Of Premature Newborns With Respiratory Distress Syndrome
In this scientific study, an analysis of the morphometric parameters of the structural units of the lung tissue in premature infants with hyaline membrane disease was carried out. The lung tissue of premature babies aged 22-37 weeks was taken as a material. Morphometric study of the structural units of the lung tissue was carried out by modifying the method of "counting points" by transferring it to a computer screen
The Impact of Respiratory Diseases on the Quality of Education Among University Students
Respiratory diseases remain among the most common health problems in student populations. Frequent episodes of respiratory infections, influenza, bronchitis, and other airway diseases significantly affect students’ learning quality, cognitive performance, motivation, and psycho-emotional stability. The combination of intense academic workload and social stress further aggravates these effects.
The Impact of Energy Drinks on Cardiovascular Risk Among Medical Students
In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks has become increasingly popular among young adults, especially university students. These beverages are commonly used to combat fatigue, improve concentration, and enhance academic performance. However, numerous studies have reported potential adverse cardiovascular effects associated with excessive energy drink consumption, including hypertension, arrhythmias, and endothelial dysfunction. Medical students represent a particularly vulnerable group due to high academic pressure, irregular sleep patterns, and frequent caffeine use.
Respiratory Diseases In Population Living Near Cement Manufacturing Facilities
Dust (PM₂.₅, PM₁₀), NO₂, SO₂ and heavy metals (chromium, cadmium, nickel) emitted into the atmosphere by cement production enterprises are one of the main risk factors for the development of respiratory diseases. The study analyzes the incidence of respiratory diseases (ARI, asthma, COPD, silicosis, lung cancer) in the population living near cement plants in Uzbekistan and foreign countries from a hygienic and epidemiological perspective. According to WHO and local statistical data, the risk of respiratory diseases increases by 1.5–2.0 times in areas with PM₁₀ concentrations exceeding 50 µg/m³. In the Akhangaron, Fergana and Navoi regions of Uzbekistan, this indicator exceeds WHO standards and poses a serious threat to the health of the population. The article also develops hygienic recommendations for air monitoring, technological filtration and sanitation measures
Characteristics of vulvar cancer recurrence
The article discusses The frequency and timing of vulvar cancer (VC) recurrence depend on the stage of the disease and the depth of tumor invasion. The incidence of VC recurrence increases with increasing disease stage. Based on the timing of recurrence, it follows that the first 3 years after completion of treatment require particular vigilance for recurrence, which, according to our data, occurred in 73.19% of patients. Therefore, regular follow-up at least every 3 months is essential.
Proliferation And Prognostic Biomarkers In Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, CRC remains a heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical outcomes. A growing body of evidence suggests that tumor proliferation dynamics and associated molecular alterations play critical roles in disease progression, recurrence, and treatment response. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding proliferation-related biomarkers in CRC, emphasizing the prognostic and predictive value of immunohistochemical and molecular indicators. Classical proliferation markers such as Ki-67, PCNA, and cyclins are discussed alongside genetic and epigenetic alterations including APC, KRAS, TP53 mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI), chromosomal instability (CIN), and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). The integration of immunohistochemistry with next-generation sequencing and RNA profiling has enabled identification of novel prognostic factors, including non-coding RNAs and methylation signatures. Understanding these markers enhances risk stratification and supports the development of personalized treatment approaches in colorectal cancer management.