##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Download
pdf
Statistic
Read Counter : 43 Download : 31

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Abstract

Kidney stones are a common disorder, with an annual incidence of eight cases per 1,000 adults. During an episode of renal colic, the first priority is to rule out conditions requiring immediate referral to an emergency department, then to alleviate pain, preferably with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The diagnostic workup consists of urinalysis, urine culture, and imaging to confirm the diagnosis and assess for conditions requiring active stone removal, such as urinary infection or a stone larger than 10 mm. Conservative management consists of pain control, medical expulsive therapy with an alpha blocker, and follow-up imaging within 14 days to monitor stone position and assess for hydronephrosis. Asymptomatic kidney stones should be followed with serial imaging, and should be removed in case of growth, symptoms, urinary obstruction, recurrent infections, or lack of access to health care. All patients with kidney stones should be screened for risk of stone recurrence with medical history, basic laboratory evaluation, and imaging. Lifestyle modifications such as increased fluid intake should be recommended for all patients, and thiazide diuretics, allopurinol, or citrates should be prescribed for patients with recurrent calcium stones. Patients at high risk of stone recurrence should be referred for additional metabolic assessment, which can serve as a basis for tailored preventive measures

Keywords

Kidney stones additional metabolic assessment patients

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Z.A. Sayfutdinova, M.D. Xidoyatova, G.B. Abdullayeva, & A.A. Jienbayeva. (2024). Laboratory Diagnosis Of Kidney Diseases And Frequency Of Meeting. Texas Journal of Medical Science, 31, 52–57. Retrieved from https://zienjournals.com/index.php/tjms/article/view/5247

References

  1. Scales CD Jr., Smith AC, Hanley JM, Saigal CS; Urologic Diseases in America Project. Prevalence of kidney stones in the United States. Eur Urol. 2012;62(1):160-165.
  2. Frassetto L, Kohlstadt I. Treatment and prevention of kidney stones: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(11):1234-1242.
  3. Alatab S, Pourmand G, El Howairis Mel F, et al. National profiles of urinary calculi: a comparison between developing and developed worlds. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2016;10(2):51-61.
  4. López M, Hoppe B. History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010;25(1):49-59.
  5. Türk C, Petřík A, Sarica K, et al. EAU guidelines on diagnosis and conservative management of urolithiasis. Eur Urol. 2016;69(3):468-474.
  6. Sharma AP, Filler G. Epidemiology of pediatric urolithiasis. Indian J Urol. 2010;26(4):516-522.
  7. Gabrielsen JS, Laciak RJ, Frank EL, et al. Pediatric urinary stone composition in the United States. J Urol. 2012;187(6):2182-2187.
  8. Alelign T, Petros B. Kidney stone disease: an update on current con
  9. Roudakova K, Monga M. The evolving epidemiology of stone disease. Indian J Urol. 2014;30(1):44-48.
  10. Aune D, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Norat T, Riboli E. Body fatness, diabetes, physical activity and risk of kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(11):1033-1047.
  11. Wijarnpreecha K, Lou S, Panjawatanan P, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and urolithiasis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2018;27(4):427-432.
  12. Pietrow PK, Karellas ME. Medical management of common urinary calculi. Am Fam Physician. 2006;74(1):86-94.
  13. Wright PJ, English PJ, Hungin AP, Marsden SN. Managing acute renal colic across the primary-secondary care interface: a pathway of care based on evidence and consensus [published correction appears in BMJ. 2003;326(7379):18]. BMJ. 2002;325(7377):1408-1412.
  14. Bultitude M, Rees J. Management of renal colic. BMJ. 2012;345:e5499.
  15. Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG, et al. Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014;192(2):316-324.
  16. Afshar K, Jafari S, Marks AJ, Eftekhari A, MacNeily AE. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and non-opioids for acute renal colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(6):CD006027.
  17. Holdgate A, Pollock T. Systematic review of the relative efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids in the treatment of acute renal colic [published correction appears in BMJ. 2004;329(7473): 1019]. BMJ. 2004;328(7453):1401.
  18. Pathan SA, Mitra B, Cameron PA. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and paracetamol in the treatment of acute renal colic. Eur Urol. 2018;73(4):583-595.
  19. Worster AS, Bhanich Supapol W. Fluids and diuretics for acute ureteric colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(2):CD004926.
  20. Smith-Bindman R, Aubin C, Bailitz J, et al. Ultrasonography versus computed tomography for suspected nephrolithiasis. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371(12):1100-1110.
  21. Niemann T, Kollmann T, Bongartz G. Diagnostic performance of lowdose CT for the detection of urolithiasis: a meta-analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191(2):396-401.
  22. Rodger F, Roditi G, Aboumarzouk OM. Diagnostic accuracy of low and ultra-low dose CT for identification of urinary tract stones: a systematic review. Urol Int. 2018;100(4):375-385.
  23. Fulgham PF, Assimos DG, Pearle MS, Preminger GM. Clinical effectiveness protocols for imaging in the management of ureteral calculous disease: AUA technology assessment. J Urol. 2013;189(4):1203-1213.
  24. Tchey DU, Ha YS, Kim WT, Yun SJ, Lee SC, Kim WJ. Expectant management of ureter stones: outcome and clinical factors of spontaneous passage in a single institution’s experience. Korean J Urol. 2011;52(12): 847-851.
  25. Ahmed AF, Gabr AH, Emara AA, Ali M, Abdel-Aziz AS, Alshahrani S. Factors predicting the spontaneous passage of a ureteric calculus of ≤ 10 mm. Arab J Urol. 2015;13(2):84-90.
  26. Coll DM, Varanelli MJ, Smith RC. Relationship of spontaneous passage of ureteral calculi to stone size and location as revealed by unenhanced helical CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;178(1):101-103.
  27. Hollingsworth JM, Canales BK, Rogers MA, et al. Alpha blockers for treatment of ureteric stones: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2016;355:i6112.
  28. Wang H, Man LB, Huang GL, Li GZ, Wang JW. Comparative efficacy of tamsulosin versus nifedipine for distal ureteral calculi: a meta-analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:1257-1265.
  29. Pickard R, Starr K, MacLennan G, et al. Medical expulsive therapy in adults with ureteric colic: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386(9991):341-349.
  30. Chua ME, Park JH, Castillo JC, Morales ML Jr. Terpene compound drug as medical expulsive therapy for ureterolithiasis: a meta-analysis. Urolithiasis. 2013;41(2):143-151.
  31. Skolarikos A, Straub M, Knoll T, et al. Metabolic evaluation and recurrence prevention for urinary stone patients: EAU guidelines. Eur Urol. 2015;67(4):750-763.
  32. Daudon M, Frochot V, Bazin D, Jungers P. Drug-induced kidney stones and crystalline nephropathy: pathophysiology, prevention and treatment. Drugs. 2018;78(2):163-201.
  33. Bjelakovic G, Gluud LL, Nikolova D, et al. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(1): CD007470.
  34. Izzedine H, Lescure FX, Bonnet F. HIV medication-based urolithiasis. Clin Kidney J. 2014;7(2):121-126.
  35. Kahwati LC, Weber RP, Pan H, et al. Vitamin D, calcium, or combined supplementation for the primary prevention of fractures in communitydwelling adults: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018;319(15):1600-1612.
  36. Streeper NM. Asymptomatic renal stones—to treat or not to treat. Curr Urol Rep. 2018;19(5):29.
  37. Semins MJ, Matlaga BR. Management of urolithiasis in pregnancy. Int J Womens Health. 2013;5:599-604.
  38. Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD. Dietary and pharmacologic management to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(9):659-667.
  39. Fink HA, Wilt TJ, Eidman KE, et al. Medical management to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical guideline [published correction appears in Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(3):230-232]. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(7): 535-543.
  40. Fink HA, Akornor JW, Garimella PS, et al. Diet, fluid, or supplements for secondary prevention of nephrolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Urol. 2009;56(1):72-80.
  41. Phillips R, Hanchanale VS, Myatt A, Somani B, Nabi G, Biyani CS. Citrate salts for preventing and treating calcium containing kidney stones in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(10):CD010057.
  42. Prezioso D, Strazzullo P, Lotti T, et al. Dietary treatment of urinary risk factors for renal stone formation. A review of CLU Working Group [published correction appears in Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2016;88(1):76]. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2015;87(2):105-120.
  43. McDowell SE, Thomas SK, Coleman JJ, Aronson JK, Ferner RE. A practical guide to monitoring for adverse drug reactions during antihypertensive drug therapy [published correction appears in J R Soc Med. 2013; 106(4):119]. J R Soc Med. 2013;106(3):87-95.
  44. Goldfarb DS, Coe RL. Prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis. Am Fam Physician. 1999;60(8):2269-2276.
  45. Portis AJ, Sundaram CP. Diagnosis and initial management of kidney stones. Am Fam Physician. 2001;63(7):1329-1339.