Texas Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies

Constructing a scale of defeatist personality among football players

2025-03-11T13:19:55+00:00

This research aims to build a scale for the defeatist personality among football players, by identifying the psychological dimensions associated with defeatist behavior, and designing a measurement tool that has validity and reliability. The scale was developed based on a review of psychological and sports literature, and applied to a sample of players to test its accuracy and effectiveness. The results showed that the proposed scale has a high level of validity and reliability, making it a reliable measurement tool for studying the defeatist personality among players. The research recommends the necessity of using this scale in sports circles to identify players who are prone to defeatism and to work on developing psychological programs to enhance self-confidence and the ability to deal with sports pressures

Creative chaos in Spain before the Arab Islamic conquest

2025-03-21T06:34:13+00:00

The Arab conquest of Spain was the first entry of the Arabs into the European continent, and it is considered a major transformation in Islamic history in general, and Spanish history in particular, as Spain suffered under the rule of the Goths from instability and reassurance, as their rule of Spain was characterized by devastation and destruction, due to their persecution of the rest of the population of Spain, as Spanish society began to complain of chaos and instability in various areas of life, which led to the continuation of disobedience and conspiracies carried out by the nobles in order to seize the throne and separate from the Visigothic Kingdom, which led to the prevalence of weakness among the Goths, in addition to the desire of the Spanish people who were exposed to persecution by the Church, to change and improve their situation by seeking help from external forces, so they leaned towards the Arabs because of their desire to get rid of what they were in on the one hand, and on the other hand because of what the Arabs were distinguished by in terms of justice, tolerance and equality.

Training Volleyball Players For Various Age Groups

2025-03-22T20:20:47+00:00

This article presents types of volleyball training, techniques, and opinions on the training of various young volleyball players.

Phonetic Analysis: The System Of Sounds And Its

2025-04-02T13:20:27+00:00

Phonetics is a critical subfield of linguistics that focuses on the study of sounds in human speech. This paper explores the system of sounds and its functions in human language, particularly within the scope of phonetic analysis. The study includes the classification of speech sounds, their articulation, and their role in communication. It aims to illustrate how phonetic systems serve various linguistic purposes, including speech production, perception, and phonological processing. The paper emphasizes how phonetic analysis can help in understanding language structure and function, as well as the practical applications of phonetics in language teaching, speech therapy, and phonological research

International Languages And Linguistic Policy

2025-04-02T13:23:04+00:00

The development of international languages and their influence on global communication have become crucial in the modern world. This paper explores the relationship between international languages and linguistic policies, focusing on the role of language in international diplomacy, trade, and multicultural societies. The study delves into the policies of major world languages, such as English, Spanish, and French, and how these policies shape communication on a global scale. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the linguistic challenges faced by countries adopting international languages and their impact on local languages and cultures. The research highlights the importance of linguistic policy in maintaining linguistic diversity while promoting global communication

The Role Of General Pedagogy In The Preparation Of Future History Teachers For Test Activities

2025-04-05T19:19:27+00:00

General pedagogy provides a framework for equipping future history teachers with the competencies necessary for testological work, including the ability to effectively design, implement, and evaluate assessments. This article examines how general pedagogical principles such as curriculum alignment, differentiated instruction, and learner-centered approaches contribute to the development of testological skills in teacher education programs. Combining theoretical foundations and practical methodologies, general pedagogy enables future teachers to address the specific challenges of evaluating history education, such as critical thinking and source analysis. The article concludes with recommendations for enhancing the role of general pedagogy in developing comprehensive testological competence in history teachers.