##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Download
pdf
Statistic
Read Counter : 1973 Download : 1121

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Abstract

The study aimed in developing an Entrepreneurial Model which is a scenario-based deduced from the operations of Micro-Entrepreneurs in the Philippines which include the factors affecting the profitability (monthly sales, return on investment and tax paid) of the business operations such as Human Capital (access to capital, experience in business, entrepreneurial skills, financial management skills and marketing skills) and Business Strategies (low-cost, differentiation, and focus). It applied the Triangulation (Analysis triangulation of which the same data set is analyzed with the use of two or more differing analyses techniques to cross validate the findings such as descriptive-regression, Interview and Focus group discussion) Method of Research and employed a Cluster Random Sampling technique from the Three Major Geographic Division of the Philippines, the Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao in their Local Government Units (LGUs).

Keywords

technique developing Philippines Entrepreneurial

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Catalino N. Mendoza, Edgar M. Chavez, & Noel H. Vargas. (2022). The Phenomenology of Micro-Entrepreneurs (MicroTrepreneur Model) in the Philippines. Texas Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 6, 189–210. Retrieved from https://zienjournals.com/index.php/tjm/article/view/1061

References

  1. Abu Aliqah, K. M. (2012). Differentiation and Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from Jordanian Companies. Journal of Economics Vol. 3, no.1, p 134 139.
  2. Agnieszka Klucznik-Törö 2014) results of the systematic literature review on entrepreneurship and its influencing factors forum scientiae oeconomia Volume 2 (2014) no 1
  3. Aghion, P.(2001): Competition, imitation and growth with step-by-step innovation, in: Review of Economic Studies 68 (3), 467–492
  4. Acquaah, M., & Yasai-Ardekani, M. (2008). Does the Implementation of a Combination Competitive Strategy Yield Incremental Performance Benefits? Journal of Business Research , 61(4): 346-354.
  5. Ahmad, N., and Seymour, (2012) R. G. Defining Entrepreneurial Activity: Definitions Supporting Frameworks For Data Collection. Tech.
  6. Ahmed, R (2014) Michael Porter's Generic Strategies; Retrieved March 26, 2019 http://www.studylecturenotes.com/management/michael-porters-generic- strategies.
  7. Ahuja, Amrita, Sarah Baird, Joan Hamory Hicks, Michael R. Kremer, Edward Miguel, and Shawn Powers. 2015. “When Should Governments Subsidize Health? The Case of Mass Deworming.” World Bank Economic Review 29 (supplement 1): S9–S24.
  8. Allen, R., & Helms, M. (2009). Linking Strategic Practices and Organizational Performance to Porter's Generic Strategies. Business Process Management , 12(4), 433-454.
  9. Alicia Robb, Susan Coleman (2014) Sources of Economic Hope: Women’s Entrepreneurship(Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2014), 3, http://www.kauffman.org/what-we-do/research/2014/11/sources-of- economic-hope-womens-entrepreneurship.
  10. Aspen Network for Development of Entrepreneurs ,(2018) A Research Agenda for the Small and Growing Business Sector.
  11. Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo (2016) SMEs in Developing Asia New Approaches to Overcoming Market Failures
  12. Asterio Tenedero Miranda, Juneth Lourdes Fiel Miranda, (2018) "Status and conditions of small- and medium-sized enterprises as predictors in empowering rural communities in Samar Island, Philippines", Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 12 Issue: 1, pp.105-119, https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-12-2017-0045
  13. Bani-Han, i. & AlHawary, F. A. (2009). The Impact of Core Competencies on Competitive Advantage: Strategic Challenge. International Bulletin of Business Administration, , Iss.6; Page 76-84.
  14. Bansal, P. (2008). Evolving sustainability: A longitudinal study of corporate sustainable development. Strategic Management Journal , 26:197-218.
  15. Bates, T. (2006). Entrepreneur Human Capital Inputs and Small Business Longevity.
  16. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 72(4), 551
  17. Bhattacharya, S., & Londhe, B. R. (2014). Micro Entrepreneurship : Sources of Finance & Related Constraints. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11(14), 775–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00241-X
  18. Bogenhold & Klinglmair. (2015). Micro-Entrepreneurship : Tendency towards Precarious Work ? Empirical Findings for Austria, (April). https://doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.1-2-2
  19. Bordean, O. N., Borza, A. I., & Nistor, R. L. (2010). The Use of Michael Porter ’ s Generic Strategies in the Romanian Hotel Industry, 1(2), 173–178.
  20. Brandt, F. H. (2013). Competitive Strategy in the Context of the U.S. Master Thesis Aarhus University .
  21. Beattie, S. Which Entrepreneurial Traits are the Most Critical in Determining Success? Otago Manag. Grad. Rev. 2016, 14, 13–20.
  22. Bureau of International Information Program (BIIP)(N.D.), Principles of Entrepreneurship, US Department of State
  23. Cacciolatti, L., Fearne, A., & McNeil, D. (2011), Empirical evidence for a relationship between business growth and the use of structured marketing information amongst food and drink SMEs. Academy of Marketing Conference(5-7 July 2011),University of Kent, United Kingdom.
  24. Chua R. (2004). Micro-enterprise Development: A Primer for Provincial Planners”. Unpublished material developed for the Utilization-Workshop on Enhancing Capabilities of Provinces for Effective Planning funded by GTZ. October 2004
  25. Center for International Private Enterprise (2014), Creating the Environment for Entrepreneurial Success
  26. Cohen, W. A. (2004). The Art of the Strategist: 10 Essential Principles for Leading Your Company to Victory. . New York: AMACOM.
  27. Cole, C. N (2004) The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People; Pocket Books Foundation; Sydney
  28. Dasgupta, M. (2018). Literature Review on Micro Entrepreneurship development and Quality of Life improvement Literature Review on Micro Entrepreneurship development and Quality of Life improvement, (March).
  29. Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2013,. The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing.
  30. Day, G., & Wensley, R. (1998). Assessing advantage: A framework for diagnosing competitive superiority. Journal of Marketing, 52, 1-20.
  31. Dean, J., & Evan, J. (1994). Management organization and strategy. St. Paul, MN: Total Quality, West Publishing Co.
  32. Dess and Davis,(2017) Porters 1980 Generic Strategies As Determinants Of Strategic Group Membership And Organizational Performance, Academy Management Journal, Volume 27, No.3
  33. Dirisu, I. J., Oluwole, I., & Ibidunni, O. S. (2013). Product Differentiation: A Tool of Competitive Advantage and Optimal Organizational Performance.
  34. Fabe A. (2002), Cebu’s Successful Entrepreneurs: Smiling through the Recession,
  35. E.S. Villaver Publication, Cebu City, Philippines
  36. Fajardo, F.R. (2012), Entrepreneurship, National Bookstore, Mandaluyong City, Philippines
  37. Frambach, R. T., Prabhu, J., & Verhallen, T. (2003). The Influence of Business Strategy on New Product Activity: The Role of Market Orientation. . International Journal of Research in Marketing, 20(4), 377-397.
  38. Fatoki, (2012) "An investigation into the financial management practices of new micro-enterprises in South Africa," Journal of Social Science, vol. 33, pp. 179-188, 2012Entrepreneurs operate.
  39. Gambardella, A., Panico, C., & Valentini, G. (2015). Strategic incentives to human capital. Strategic Management Journal, 36(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.220
  40. Ge, G. L., & Ding, D. Z. (2005). Market orientation, competitive strategy and firm performance: An empirical study of Chinese firms. Journal of Global Marketing , 18(3/4), 115-144.
  41. H. Fatimah-Salwa, A. Mohd Azahari, and B. Joni-Tamkin, "Success factors of successful microcredit entrepreneurs. Empirical evidence from Malaysia," International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol. 4, pp. 153-159, 2013
  42. Han, J. K., Kim, N., & Srivastava, R. K. (1998). Market orientation and organizational performance: Is innovation a missing link? Journal of Marketing , 62,30-45.
  43. Harper D.A.(2003), The entrepreneur in theory and practice, Journal of Economic Studies 21 (6)
  44. Hailay Aregawi. & Assmamaw (2014) Determinants of Micro and Small EnterprisesGrowth in Rural Area: Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Vol.5, No.19
  45. Hailay, Aregawi, and Assmamaw (2014) Assessment of factors affecting performance of micro and small scale enterprises- reviewedjournals.com
  46. Harris, C. M., Mcmahan, G. C., & Wright, P. M. (2012). Talent and time together: The impact of human capital and overlapping tenure on unit performance. Personnel Review
  47. Hisrich, R.D. (2005). Entrepreneurship: New Venture creation, 5th edition,Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.
  48. Hove, C. Tarisai Internal Factors Affecting the Successful Growth and Survival of Small and Micro Agri-business Firms in Alice Communal Area Journal of Economics, 4 (1) (2013), pp. 57-67 HWY( 2017) The Importance of Having Business Experience, Small Biz Daily
  49. Ilovi, C. M. (2011). Sustainable competitive advantage in the insurance industry in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya.: University of Nairobi.
  50. Ireland, R., Hokisson, R., & Hitt, M. (2011). The Management of Strategy International Edition (9th ed.). South-Western: Cengage Learning.
  51. Janeiro, R. De, Alfonso, G., & Verdugo, B. (2018). Innovative Self-concept of Micro-entrepreneurs : Perception of Barriers and Intention to Invest, (March), 1–23.
  52. Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A. K. (1993). Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Marketing , 57, 53-70.
  53. Kamunge M., Njeru A., & Tirimba O. ( 2014), Factors affecting the performance of small and micro enterprises in Limuru Town Market in of Kiambu County, Kenya, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 12.
  54. Jordão, R V & Novas J, (2013). A Study on the Use of the Balanced Scorecard for
  55. Strategy Implementation in a Large Brazilian Mixed Economy Company
  56. Kantis, H., Angelli, P. &Koenig M. (2004),Desarrollo emprendedor : América Latina y la experiencia internacional, Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank
  57. Kaplan, R.S. (2001), Integrating shareholder value and activity-based costing with the Balanced Scorecard, Balanced Scorecard Report
  58. Kaplan R.S. & and Norton, D.P. (1996), The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action, Norton, Harvard Business School Press.
  59. Kauffman Foundation (2015), Retrieved March 24, 2019
  60. https://www.kauffman.org/newsroom/2015/03/how-local-and-state- governments-can-rev-up-busines creation?utm_campaign=Ideas_At_Work_03_12_15&utm_medium=email& utm_source=newsletter
  61. Kamunge, Njeru, and Tirimba (2014) Factors Affecting the Performance of Small and Micro Enterprises in Limuru Town Market of Kiambu County, Kenya - published at: "International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2014 Edition".
  62. K. O. Osotimehin, C. A. Jegede, H. B. Akinlabi, and O. T. Olajide, "An evaluation of the challenges and prospects of micro and small scale enterprises development in Nigeria," American International Journal of Contemporary Research, vol. 2, pp. 175-185, 2012.
  63. Kazooba, C. (2006), Causes of Small Business Failure in Uganda: A Case Study from Bushenyi and Mbarara Towns, African Studies Quarterly, 8(4) Retrieved On August 15, 2017from http//web.Africa.ufl.edu]asq/v8/v8i4a3.html.
  64. Keh, H.T., Nguyen, T.T.M., & Ng, H.P. (2007),The effects of entrepreneurial orientation and marketing information on the performance of SMEs, Journal of Business Venturing 22, 592- 611.
  65. Kim, E., Nam, D., & Stimpert, J. (2006). Testing the applicability of porter's generic strategies in the digital age: a study of korean cyber malls. Journal of Business Strategies , 21, 19-45.
  66. Kiragu, S. M. (2014). Assessment of challenges facing insurance companies in building competitive advantage in Kenya: A survey of insurance firms. International Journal of Social Sciences and Entrepreneurship , 1(11), 1-23.
  67. Klapper L. A. Lewin / J. Delgado (2010): The impact of the business environment on the business creation process (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4937);
  68. Koter, P., & Keller, K. (2011). (2011). A Framework for Marketing Management, 4th edition,. Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
  69. Kwasi, A. G., & Acquaah, M. (2008). Manufacturing strategy, competitive strategy and firm performance: An empirical study in a developing economy environment. International Journal of Production Economics , 111, 575-592.
  70. Leandro, A. (2017). Strategic Mistakes (Avoidable): The Topicality Of Michel Porter’s Generic Strategies. https://doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v8i2.580
  71. Liedholm, C. (2002), Small firm dynamics: evidence from Africa and Latin America, Small Business Economics 18 (3), 227–242
  72. Lichtenstein B.M.B and C.G Brush. (2001),How do resource bundles develop and change in new ventures? A dynamic model and longitudinal exploration, Entrepreneurship theory and practice 25 (3)
  73. Mahmoud, M.A. (2011), Market orientation and business performance among SMEs in Ghana, International Business Research, 4(1), 241-251.
  74. Marvel, M. R and G. T. Lumpkin (2007),Technology Entrepreneurs Human Capital and its Effects on Innovation Radicalness, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing.
  75. Max Roser (2019) - "Economic Growth". Published online at OurWorldIn Data.org. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth' [Online Resource]
  76. Mbugua, S.K., Njeru, Tirimba (2014,Factors Affecting the Performance of small and micro enterprises in Limuru town market of Kiambu County, Kenya, International Journal and Scientific and Research Publications Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2014
  77. Mendoza, S. (2003), Modules for Marketing, Rex Book Store, Inc., Manila, Philippines.
  78. Michael, A. H., Robert, E. H., & Duane, R. I. (2008). Management of Strategy: Concepts and Cases.7th ed. South-Western, USA: Thomson.
  79. Miner, A.S. & Haunschild, P.R. (2005), Population level learning,Research Journal in Organizational Behavior. Vol. 17 pp.115 - 166.
  80. Mooney, A. (2007). Core Competence, Distinctive Competence, and Competitive Advantage: What Is the Difference? Journal of Education Business, , vol. 83 Issue 2; Page 129-137.
  81. Moorthy, K.M., Tan, A.,Choo, C.C.,Wei, C.S. Ping, J., & Leong, T. (2012), A Study on Factors Affecting the Performance of SMEs in Malaysia,International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences April 2012, Vol. 2, No. 4 ISSN: 2222-6990
  82. Morales& Marquina 2013) Entrepreneurial Skills, Significant Differences between Serbian and German Entrepreneurs JCC: The Business and Economics Research Journal Ɣ Volume 6, Issue 1, 2013 Ɣ 129-14.
  83. Morris, M.(2001),Entrepreneurship is Development is Entrepreneurship (editor’s letter), Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 6 (3)
  84. Morshett, D., Swoboda, B., & Schramm-Klein, H. (2006). Competitive Strategy in Retailing- An Investigation of Applicability of Porter Framework for Food Retailers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services , 13, 275-287.
  85. Muklis Lateh1, Mohammad Delwar Hussain2 and Mohd Suberi Ab. Halim 2017 Micro Enterprise Development and Income Sustainability for Poverty International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship Reduction: A Literature Investigation Volume 7, No. 1
  86. Muzenda, A. (2014). A Conceptual Model of the Determinants of Performance of Tourism Sector Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 3 (1), 30-35.
  87. Norin Arshed, Julie McFarlane (2016) In book: Enterprise and Its Business Environment, Edition: 1, Publisher: Goodfellow Publishers Ltd., Editors: Norin Arshed, Julie McFarlane
  88. Nuwagaba and Nzewi (2013) Major Environmental Constraints on Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Uganda: A Survey of Selected Micro and Small Enterprises in Mbarara Municipality
  89. Olson, K. R., & Swanson, M. (2010). Market Forces and Changes in the Plant Input Supply Industry. Choices , 25(4), 6-11.
  90. Onoh, B. C. E. C( 2013) Marketing Skills Needed by Self-Employed Building Craftsmen In blockmoulding Industries That are Acquirable through Entrepreneurship Education in Enugu Urban Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.orgISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)Vol.4,
  91. Patankar, V and Mehta M (2014). A Literature Review on Entrepreneurial Development and its antecedents. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276277153_A_Literature_Review_ on_Entrepreneurial_Development_and_its_antecedents
  92. Pearce, J. A., & Robinson, R. B. (2007). Formulation, Implementation and Control of Competitive Strategy, 9th edition. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
  93. Pelejo, M. (2008), Literature Review on Growth-oriented Microenterprises, Business Development Services Working Group Philippine Statistics Agency (PSA) (2010)
  94. Perrotta, C., & Perrotta, C. (2018). Investment in human capital. In Unproductive Labour in Political Economy (pp. 102–115). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315620
  95. Pisani, M. J. & Pagán J. A.(2004, Self-employment in the era of the new economic model in Latin America: a case study from Nicaragua, in: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 16 (4), 335–350
  96. Porter, M. (1985). Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Competitive Advantage. New York: Free Press.
  97. Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive Advantage. New York: Free Press.
  98. Porter, M. E., & Collins, J. (2006). Strategy and Competitive. New York: Free press. Porter, M., & Millar, V. E. (2012). How Information gives you Competitive
  99. Advantage. Harvard Business Review , 149-160.
  100. Rahman, M. (2011). Differentiation of services to achieve competitive advantage: airlines meeting the needs of the physically challenged persons.
  101. Ramayah, T., Samat, N., & Lo, M. C. (2011). Market orientation, service quality and organizational performance in service organizations in Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration , 3(1), 8-27.
  102. Ramachandran, K. (2005), Poor women entrepreneurs – lessons from Asian countries, in: Small Enterprise Development 4 (1), 46–49
  103. Reyes, M. & Calanog, V (2007) Cost Accounting and Cost Management, Mutual Books, Inc., Caloocan City, Philippines.
  104. Review Entrepreneurship and entrepreneur: A review of literature concepts
  105. African Journal of Business Management Vol. 6(10), pp. 3570-3575, 14 March, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM DOI: 10.5897/AJBM11.2785 ISSN 1993-8233
  106. Rouse, M. (2016, June 22). Competitive Advantage. Retrieved from Tech Target: http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/competitive-advantage
  107. Sarwoko, Armanu and Hadiwidjojo, 2013. “Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Competency as Determinants of Business Performance in SMEs”. Journal of Business and Management, 7 (3), 31-38, Jan. – Feb
  108. Sashi, C., & Stern, L. (2008). Product differentiation and market performance in producer good industries. Journal of Business Resarch , 333, 115-127.
  109. Salvador S.M., Baysa G.T., Gamboa D.L.,& Geronimo E. F., (2012), Fundamentals And Application Of Financial Management, Allen Adrian Books Inc..
  110. Samiti, V. (2006),A research study on Entrepreneurial Challenges for SC Persons in India. New Delhi : Planning Commission Government of India Yojana Bhawan
  111. Sardo, F., Serrasqueiro, Z., & Alves, H. (2018). On the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance: A panel data analysis on SME hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 75, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.03.001
  112. Schonberger, R. (1994). Human Resorce management lesson from a decade of Toyota quality management and reengineering. . California Management Review , 36(4), 109-134.
  113. Schumpeter, J (2005), The theory of economic development. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  114. S. D. G. H. Souza, S. A. V. Costa, N. C. Lima, J. A. P. D. M. Coelho, A. S. T. Penedo, and T. E. E. D. Silva, "Structures of commercialization: Actions of informal marketing from Brazilian micro-entrepreneurs in a street market," International Journal of Business and Commerce, vol. 2, pp.20-36, 2013.
  115. Senate Economic Planning Office (2012). The MSME sector at a glance, Senate of the Philippines
  116. Shaw, T. N (1997). The Challenge of Ageing; Churchill Livingstone Publishers; Melbourne
  117. Singh, A. (2002). Competition and competition policy in emerging markets: international and developmental dimensions; Retrieved On December 1, 2015 from http://www.cbr.cam.ac.uk/pdf/WP246.pdf
  118. Shammot, M. M. (2011). Quality Management Practices and Their Impact on Organizational Performance, and Customer Behavior. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences , 34 - 39.
  119. Slater , S. F., & Olson, E. M. (2001). Marketing‟s Contribution to the Implementation of Business Strategy: An Empirical Analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 10551067.
  120. Spanos, Y., Zaralis, G., & Lioukas, S. (2004). Strategy and industry effects on profitability: Evidence from Greece. Strategic Management Journal , 25(2), 139165.
  121. Spencer, X. S., Joiner, A. T., & Salmon, S. (2009). Differentiation Strategy, Performance Measurement Systems and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Australia. International Journal of Business , Vol. 14(1).
  122. Tanwar (2013) Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668.
  123. Volume 15, Issue 1 www.iosrjournals.orgwww.iosrjournals.org 11|.
  124. The Least Developed Countries Report 2018: Entrepreneurship Structural; Retrieved from https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ldcr2018overview_en.pdf.
  125. Tainyi Luor, Hsi-Peng Lu, Hueiju Yu, and Kuoliang Chang 2013 Trends in and contributions to entrepreneurship research: a broad review of literature from 1996 to June 2012 Scientometrics. 2014; 99(2): 353–369. Published online
  126. Dec 15. doi: 10.1007/s11192-013-1203-5
  127. Thompson, P. G., & Strickland. (2012). Crafting and Executing Strategy, Concepts and Cases. Global Edition: McGraw-Hill.
  128. Treacy, M., & Wiersema, F. (2009). The Discipline of Market Leaders,. Addison- Wesley.
  129. Walker, O., & Ruckert, R. (1987). Marketing's role in the implementation of business strategies; a critical review and conceptual framework. Journal of Marketing , 51, 15-33.
  130. Wube, M.C. (2010). Factors Affecting The Performance Of Women Entrepreneurs In Micro And Small Enterprises.
  131. Zekiri, J., & Nedelea, A. (2011). Strategies for achieving competitive advantage. The Annals of the “Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava. Fascicle of the Faculty of Economics and Public Administration , 11(2), 63-73