##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Hepatitis A is a public health problem all over the world, especially in developing countries, because the virus is so common in the environment. Anti-HAV IgM antibodies were detected in the serum of 100 of the 120 persons (patients group) collected from the Al-Zahra hospital in Al-rusafa/Baghdad between November 2021 and March 2022. Twenty individuals with negative blood levels of anti-HAV IgM antibodies were deemed a control group. Anti-HAV IgM antibodies were significantly higher (P
<0.001) in hepatitis A patients than controls using a solid phase, two-step incubation, antibody capture ELISA kit, indicating acute infection. The majority of HAV patients (91% of all patients) were found during the first decade (1-10 years), whereas 9% were found within the second decade (10-20 years). HAV infection is spread evenly across genders in this research. As a result, females and males had no statistically considerable differences, with a ratio of (1 female: 0.786 male) and a proportion of 56% females vs 44% males. The study showed a considerable decrease in vitamin B12 in male patients with HAV (426.09 ± 35.61 pg/mL) comparing with healthy control (566.45 ± 28.06 pg/mL) (P= 0.001). While in females, the findings displayed a considerable decrease in the patient’s group (595.01 ± 47.47 pg/mL) compared with the control group(721.04 ± 58.28 pg/mL)>
Keywords
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Al Faleh, F., Al Shehri, S., Al Ansari, S., Al Jeffri, M., Al Mazrou, Y., Shaffi, A. and Abdo, A. A. (2008). Changing patterns of hepatitis A prevalence within the Saudi population over the last 18 years. World J Gastroenterol.14:7371-7375.
- Alkhalidi, J., Alenezi, B., Al-Mufti, S., Hussain, E., Askar, H., Kemmer, N.,and Neff, G.W. (2009). Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus in Kuwait. World J Gastroenterol. 15:102-5.
- Almuneef, M. A., Memish, Z. A., Balkhy, H. H., Qahtani, M., Alotaibi, B., Hajeer, A., Qasim,L. and Al Knawe, B.(2006). Epidemiologic shift in the prevalence of hepatitis A virus in Saudi Arabia: A case for routine Hepatitis A vaccination. Vaccine. 24:5599-5603.
- Antaki, N. and Kebbewar, M. K. (2000). Hepatitis A seroprevalence rate in Syria. Trop Doct. 30:99-101.
- Aziz, S., Muzaffar, R., Hafiz, S., Abbas, Z., Zafar, M. N., Naqvi, S. A. and Rizvi, S. A. (2007). Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis viruses A, C, E, antibodies and HBsAg-prevalence and associated risk factors in pediatric communities of Karachi. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 17:195-198.
- Barrientos-Gutierrez, T. , Brizuela-Alcantara, D. and Chavez-Tapia, G. (2011). Hepatitis A Virus infection in high risk subjects. Annais of Hepatology. 10:578-579..
- Battikhi, M. N.and Battikhi, E. G. (2004). The seroepidemiology of Hepatitis A virus in Amman, Jordan. New Microbiol. 27:215-220.
- Berge, J. J., Drennan, D. P., Jacobs, R. J., Jakins, A., Meyerhoff, A. S., Stubblefield, W. and Weinberg, M.(2000). The cost of hepatitis A infections in American adolescents and adults in 1997. Hepatology. 31:469-473.
- Bizri, A. R., Nuwayhid, I. A., Hamadeh, G. N., Steitieh, S. W., Choukair, A. M. and Musharrafieh, U. M. (2006). Association between hepatitis A virus and Helicobacter pylori in a developing country: The saga continues. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 21:1615-1621.
- Cetinkaya, B. Tezer, H. Parlakay, A. O. and Saylı, T. R. (2014). Evaluation of pediatric patients with hepatitis A. J Infect Dev Ctries. 8:326-330.
- Chironna, M., Germinario, C., Lopalco, P. L., Carrozzini, F., Barbuti, S. and Quarto, M. (2003). Prevalence rates of viral hepatitis infections in refugee Kurds from Iraq and Turkey. Infection. 31:70-74.
- Kaya,D., Guler, E., Ekerbicer, H. C., Dilber, C., Karabiber, H., Guler, S., Davutoglu, M. and Ciragil, P. (2007). Hepatitis A seroprevalence and its relationship with environmental factors in children of different age groups in Kahramanmaras, Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. J Viral Hepat. 14:830-834.
- Lemon, S. M. (1997). Type A viral hepatitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention. Clinical ChemistryAugust .43: 1494-1499.
- Mehr, A. J., Ardakani, M. J., Hedayati, M., Shahraz, S., Mehr, E. J. and Zali, M. R. (2004). Age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection among children visited in pediatric hospitals of Tehran, Iran. Eur J Epidemiol. 19: 275 – 278.
- MohdHanafiah, K., Jacobsen, K.H. and Wiersma, S.T.(2011). Challenges to mapping the health risk of hepatitis A virus infection. Int J Health Geogr. 10:57.
- Salama, I. I., Samy, S. M., Shaaban, F. A., Hassanin, A. I. and Abou Ismail, L. A. (2007). Seroprevalence of hepatitis A among children of different socioeconomic status in Cairo. East Mediterr Health J. 13:1256-1264.
- Sharar, Z. A., Rajah, J. and Parsons, H. (2008). Childhood seroprevalence of hepatitis A in the United Arab Emirates. Trop Doct. 38:65-66.
- Turky, A. M., Akram, W., Al-Naaimi, A. S., Omer, A. R. and Al- Rawi, J. R.(2011). Analysis of acute viral hepatitis (A and E) in Iraq. Global Journal of Health Science. 3:70- 76.
- Wang, C. H., Tschen, S. Y., Heinricy, U., Weber, M. and Flehmig, B. (1996). Immune response to hepatitis A virus capsid proteins after infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:707-713.
- Wheeler, C., Vogt, T. M., Armstrong, G.L., Vaughan, G., Weltman, A., Nainan, O. V., Dato, V., Xia, G., Waller, K., Amon, J., Lee, T. M., Highbaugh-Battle, A., Hembree, C., Evenson, S., Ruta, M. A., Williams, I. T., Fiore, A. E. and Bell, B. P. (2005). An Outbreak of Hepatitis A associated with green onions. N Engl J Med. 353:890-897.
- World Health Organization. (2014) . Hepatitis A Fact sheet N°328. WHO.
- Wu, J., Zou, S. and Giulivi, A. (2001). Current hepatitis A status in Canada. Can J Infect Dis. 12:341-344.